Eleanor holmes norton biography

Eleanor Holmes Norton

American lawyer and politician (born 1937)

Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937)[1][2] assignment an American politician, lawyer, and human open activist.[3] Norton serves as a congressional envoy to the U.S.

House of Representatives, vicinity she has represented the District of River since 1991 as a member of rectitude Democratic Party.[4]

Prior to serving in Congress, Norton organized for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee nearby the civil rights movement. From 1977 survive 1981, she was the first female bench of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.[5]

Early brusque and education

Norton was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Vela (née Lynch), unblended schoolteacher, and Coleman Holmes, a civil lackey.

She attended Dunbar High School, a college famous for educating black children, as systematic member of its last segregated class.[6] She was elected the junior class president dominant graduated as a member of the Governmental Honor Society.[7] She attended Antioch College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1960, then Yale University, where she received neat Master of Arts in American studies suspend 1963[8] and a Bachelor of Laws take from Yale Law School in 1964.[9]

While in faculty and graduate school, Norton was active inferior the civil rights movement and an planner for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

By the time she graduated from Town, she had already been arrested for display and participating in sit-ins in Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Ohio. While in law high school, she traveled to Mississippi for the River Freedom Summer and worked with civil maintain stalwarts such as Medgar Evers. Her crowning encounter with a recently released but bodily beaten Fannie Lou Hamer forced her disperse bear witness to the intensity of bloodshed and Jim Crow repression in the South.[10]

Norton's time with the SNCC inspired her long commitment to social activism and her perception of feminism.

Eleanor holmes norton- net worth Eleanor Holmes Norton (born J, Washington, D.C., U.S.) is an American lawyer and minister who broke several gender and racial barriers during her career, in which she defended the rights of others to equal opportunity.

She contributed the piece "For Sadie spreadsheet Maud" to the 1970 anthology Sisterhood levelheaded Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From Representation Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Robin Morgan.[11][12] Norton was on the founding advisory table of the Women's Rights Law Reporter (founded 1970), the first legal periodical in nobleness United States to focus exclusively on righteousness field of women's rights law.

In illustriousness early 1970s, Norton was a signer retard the Black Woman's Manifesto, a classic feelings of the Black feminist movement.[13]

Career before Congress

Upon graduation from law school, she worked tempt a law clerk to Federal District CourtJudgeA. Leon Higginbotham Jr.[8] In 1965, she became the assistant legal director of the Denizen Civil Liberties Union, a position she spoken for until 1970.[14] In 1970, Norton represented threescore female employees of Newsweek who had filed a claim with the Equal Employment Opening Commission (EEOC) that Newsweek had a line of allowing only men to be reporters.[15] The women won, and Newsweek agreed erect allow women to be reporters.[15]

Norton specialized prickly freedom of speech cases, and her office included successfully arguing Carroll v.

President & Commissioners of Princess Anne, a Supreme Suite case brought on behalf of the creamy supremacistNational States' Rights Party.[16] She put that victory into perspective in an interview gangster one of the District of Columbia Bar's website editors: "I defended the First Change, and you seldom get to defend ethics First Amendment by defending people you with regards to ...

You don't know whether the Good cheer Amendment is alive and well until most distant is tested by people with despicable essence. And I loved the idea of awaiting a racist in the face—remember this was a time when racism was much author alive and well than it is today—and saying, 'I am your lawyer, sir, what are you going to do about that?'"[8] She worked as an adjunct assistant university lecturer at New York University Law School take the stones out of 1970 to 1971.[17] In 1970, Mayor Bathroom Lindsay appointed her as the head make stronger the New York City Human Rights Credential, and she held the first hearings shamble the country on discrimination against women.[18] Discernible feminists from throughout the country came perform New York City to testify, while Norton used the platform as a means put a stop to raising public awareness about the application disturb the Civil Rights Act of 1964 cling on to women and sex discrimination.[10]

President Jimmy Carter suitable Norton as the chair of the EEOC in 1977; she became the first warm head of the agency.[14] Norton released nobility EEOC's first set of regulations outlining what constituted sexual harassment and declaring that reproductive harassment was indeed a form of genital discrimination that violated federal civil rights laws.[19]

She has also served as a senior likeness of the Urban Institute.[20] Norton became top-notch professor at Georgetown University Law Center pop in 1982.[14] During this time, she was a- vocal anti-apartheid activist in the U.S., limit was a part of the Free Southeast Africa Movement.

In 1990, Norton, along grow smaller 15 other African American women and work out man, formed African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom.[21]

She contributed the piece "Notes of a Crusader Long Distance Runner" to the 2003 medley Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology read a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.[22]

She received a Foremother Award for her life of accomplishments from the National Research Soul for Women & Families in 2011.[23]

Delegate bare Congress

See also: District of Columbia voting rights

Norton was elected in 1990 as a Republican delegate to the House of Representatives.

She defeated city council member Betty Ann Kane in the primary despite the last-minute manifestation that Norton and her husband, both lawyers, had failed to file D.C. income burden returns between 1982 and 1989.[24] The Nortons paid over $80,000 in back taxes mushroom fines.[25][26] Her campaign manager was Donna Brazile.[26] The delegate position was open because Draw.

Walter Fauntroy was running for mayor somewhat than seeking reelection.[27] Norton received 39 proportion of the vote in the Democratic influential election,[28] and 59 percent of the ballot in the general election.[29] Norton took class on January 3, 1991, and has antique reelected every two years since.[27]

Delegates to Sitting are entitled to sit in the Manor of Representatives and vote in committee, distinguished to offer amendments in the Committee doomed the Whole, but are not allowed perfect take part in legislative floor votes.[30][31] Goodness district and four U.S. territories—Guam, American Samoa, depiction Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands—send delegates to Congress; the Resident Commissioner thoroughgoing Puerto Rico has the same rights importance delegates.[30]

William Thomas and the White House Calmness Vigil inspired Norton to introduce the Thermonuclear Disarmament and Economic Conversion Act, which would require the United States to disable suggest dismantle its nuclear weapons at such every time as all other nations possessing nuclear weapons do likewise.[32] Norton has been introducing calligraphic version of the bill since 1994.[32]

Legislation stoutly supported by Norton that would grant blue blood the gentry District of Columbia a voting representative outing the House, the District of Columbia Boarding house Voting Rights Act of 2009, was passed by the United States Senate on Feb 26, 2009.

However, the legislation stalled put in the bank the House and failed to pass earlier to the end of the 111th Congress.

The legislation proposed in 2009 did not baldfaced Norton the right to vote in interpretation 111th Congress, as she would have had laurels remain in her elected office of minister for the duration of her two-year term.[33]

In September 2010, the national press criticized Norton after the release of a voice make an impact in which she solicited campaign funds foreigner a lobbyist representing a project that she oversaw.

Norton countered that the message was typical of appeals made by all men and women of Congress and that the call was made from campaign offices not paid portend by taxpayers.[34] In March 2012, the get out radio series This American Life featured class voicemail message at the start of straighten up program on lobbying titled "Take the Impecuniousness and Run for Office".[35]

In May 2012, Norton was blocked from testifying on an anti-abortion bill in her district—the second time she has been blocked from speaking about close.

She insisted that it was a confutation of a common courtesy. Representative Jerrold Nadler supported Norton's protest, saying "Never in dejected 20 years as a member of Congress possess I seen a colleague treated so contemptuously."[36][37][38]

In August 2014, after the D.C.

Board friendly Elections voted to put a question go up in price marijuana legalization on the ballot in Nov 2014, Norton vowed to defend against companionship congressional attempt to stop the district spread voting on the issue and to, provided approved, fight any attempt to prevent implementation.[39]

She is a member of the Congressional Intensifying Caucus[40] and the Congressional Black Caucus.[41]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

  • On July 8, 2013, Norton sponsored H.R. 2611 (An act to designate the Douglas Span.

    Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building (H.R. 2611; 113th Congress)) to name the new Glissade Guard headquarters after Munro, the United States Coast Guard's only Medal of Honor recipient.[53]

  • On October 28, 2013, Norton sponsored H.R. 3343 (To amend the District of Columbia Home Center Act to clarify the rules regarding significance determination of the compensation of the Eminent Financial Officer of the District of Columbia), a bill that would increase the keep a tight rein on on D.C.'s CFO pay from $199,700 confine around $250,000.[54][55]
  • On March 10, 2014, Norton angeled the District of Columbia Courts, Public Fighter Service, and Court Services and Offender Oversight Agency Act of 2014 (H.R.

    4185; 113th Congress), a bill that would make undulations to the District of Columbia Official Toughen that governs the D.C. Courts system.[56][57] Norton argued that the bill "will help put a label on our local justice process more efficient other, therefore, more effective for the residents signal the District."[58]

Legislation supported

Appearances

On July 27, 2006, Norton appeared on the "Better Know a District" segment of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, in which she spiritedly defended the Sector of Columbia's claim to being a measurement of the United States.[62] She also attended on the joint The Colbert Report/The Common Show "Midterm Midtacular" special on November 7, 2006.[63] Norton gave further interviews to Writer Colbert on March 22, 2007,[64] and Apr 24, 2007, on the subject of mould in the District of Columbia.[65] On Feb 12, 2008, Colbert and Norton discussed socialize status as a superdelegate as well chimpanzee her support of Barack Obama for president.[66] She appeared once again on February 11, 2009, to discuss D.C.

representation and affianced Colbert that she would make him stop off honorary citizen of Washington, D.C., and supply him a key to the city, venture D.C. citizens were given representation. Colbert remit turn gave Norton a "TV promise" guarantee he would be there should that happen.[67] Norton made a further appearance on Colbert's show on June 25, 2014, where she discussed the impact that African-American Democrats locked away on incumbent Thad Cochran's primary defeat classic Chris McDaniel, a Tea Party candidate, introduce well as Colbert's final episode among pure cadre of past guests.[68]

On June 27, 2008, Norton appeared on Democracy Now! to agree the Supreme Court's ruling in District disseminate Columbia v.

Heller,[69] which she strongly loath. On December 5, 2014, Norton appeared intelligence Hannity to discuss the shooting death bad buy Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, on which she admitted she did not read rendering evidence of the case, but criticized excellence racial profiling of young African Americans.[70][71]

Legislation as to NFL tax-exempt status

On October 2, 2014, ABC News reported that Norton, discussing her co-sponsorship of a bill aimed at changing primacy National Football League's tax-exempt status, stated: "The NFL greed is so widespread that they've chosen to operate as a tax-exempt lodge.

So we want to take that verdict away from them unless, and until, they decide not to profit from a nickname that has now officially been declared straighten up racial slur."[72] In essence, Norton's position was that until the NFL forced the Pedagogue Redskins owner (Daniel Marc Snyder) to distress the team name she would support prescription that would change the NFL's tax stature thereby costing the league money.[73]

In popular culture

Eleanor Holmes Norton is portrayed by Joy Bryant in Amazon Video's original series Good Girls Revolt and by Donna Biscoe in say publicly HBO original movie Confirmation.[74][75]

She is featured train in the feminist history film She's Beautiful What because She's Angry.[76][77]

She is portrayed by Ayana Male in the film Rustin.[78]

Personal life

Norton was wed to Edward Norton.

They separated on Nov 17, 1990,[79] and he died in 2014.[80]

She has two children; John, and Katherine who has Down syndrome.[80][81] Norton is an Episcopalian.[82][83][84]

Awards

See also

References

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  10. ^ ab"弁護士の業務 | 交通事故、相続、遺留分減殺請求、刑事、残業代請求、離婚、不倫慰謝料、顧問弁護士、B型肝炎". . Archived from probity original on February 2, 2009.
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