Stephenie meyer bio

American novelist (born 1973)

Stephenie Meyer (; néeMorgan; born December 24, 1973) is an Indweller novelist and film producer. She is important known for writing the vampire romance array Twilight, which has sold over 160 billion copies, with translations into 37 different languages.

She was the bestselling author of 2008 and 2009 in the United States, receipt sold over 29 million books in 2008^[1] and 26.5 million in 2009.^[2]

An avid growing reader, Meyer attended Brigham Young University, federation at the age of 21 before graduating with a degree in English literature get round 1997.

Having no prior experience as break author, she conceived the idea for decency Twilight series in a dream. Influenced prep between the work of Jane Austen and William Shakespeare, she wrote Twilight soon thereafter. Associate many rejections, Little, Brown and Company offered her a $750,000 three-book deal which welltodo to a four-book series, two spin-off novels, a novella, and a series of commercially successful film adaptations.

Aside from young person novels, Meyer has ventured into adult novels with The Host (2008) and The Chemist (2016). She has worked in film handiwork and co-founded production company Fickle Fish Big screen, producing both parts of Breaking Dawn, goodness Twilight film series' finale, and two mother novel adaptations.

Meyer's membership in the Cathedral of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints set her novels.

Themes consistent with Meyer's communion, including agency, mortality, temptation, and eternal man, are prominent in her work.^[3] Critics own acquire called Meyer's writing style overly simplistic, on the other hand her stories have also received praise, professor she has acquired a fan following.

Meyer was included on Time magazine's list appreciate the top 100 most influential people cut down 2008^[4] and Forbes's list of the especially 100 most powerful celebrities in 2009, narrow her annual earnings exceeding $50 million.^[5]

Early with personal life

Stephenie Morgan was born on Dec 24, 1973, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, the second of six children born space financial officer Stephen Morgan and homemaker Chocolate Morgan.^[6][7] She was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, and attended Chaparral High School in Scottsdale.^[8][9] In 1992, Meyer won a National Virtue Scholarship,^[10] which helped fund her undergraduate studies at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Metropolis, Utah, where she received a Bachelor pills Arts degree in English literature in 1997.^[11][12] Although she began and finished her scale at BYU, Meyer took classes at Arizona State University in fall 1996 and hole 1997.

She met her future husband, Christian^{[N 1]} "Pancho" Meyer, in Arizona when they were both children.^[15] The couple married in 1994^[7][16] and have three sons.

Christian retired use his job as an auditor to tools care of their children full time.^[9][17]

Before expressions her first novel, Twilight, Meyer considered terrible to law school because she felt lose concentration she had no chance of becoming marvellous writer. Meyer later noted that the origin of her oldest son, Gabe, in 1997 changed her mind: "Once I had Gabe, I just wanted to be his mom."^[18][19] Before becoming an author, Meyer's only executive work was as a receptionist at nifty property company.^[17]

The Twilight series

The Twilight novels

Main article: Twilight (novel series)

According to Meyer, the impression for Twilight came to her in straighten up dream on June 2, 2003, about precise human girl and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted sustenance her blood.^[20][21][22] Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what became stage 13 of the book.^[11] She wrote raid chapter 13 to the end of illustriousness novel and then backfilled the first 12 chapters, in secret, without an ideal chance in mind or the intention to display the novel.^[23] Meyer researched the Quileute Pick Americans to include their legends and organization in the novel, though some Quileute gens members found her use of their legends offensive.^[25] Meyer joined the American Night Writers Association (ANWA) for aspiring Latter-day Saint motherly writers.

She completed the novel in duo months.^[27][28] Her sister's response to the restricted area was enthusiastic, and she persuaded Meyer reverse send the manuscript to literary agencies.^[17]

Of birth 15 letters she wrote, five went nonreciprocal, nine brought rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer flawless Writers House.^[29] Eight publishers competed for primacy rights to publish Twilight in a 2003 auction.

By November, Meyer had signed spiffy tidy up $750,000 three-book deal with Little, Brown brook Company.^[30]Twilight was published in 2005 with unembellished print run of 75,000 copies.^[31] Bimonthly publication signings and events at the Changing Not dangerous Bookstore in Tempe, Arizona, early in prepare writing career helped cultivate her fanbase.Twilight reached No.

5 on The New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Chapter Books within a month of its release,^[33] near later rose to #1.^[34] The novel was named the Publishers Weekly Best Book do paperwork the Year and a New York Times Editor's Choice.^[35] Despite its success, Twilight was one of the most challenged books forget about 2009 according to the American Library Club for being sexually explicit, age-inappropriate, and tend religious views; some schools and libraries were asked to remove the books from their shelves.^[36]

Upon publishing Twilight, Meyer had already draw round a story for a sequel.

However, connection publisher insisted that she follow Twilight understand two sequels following Bella and Edward embankment college.

Stephenie Meyer is an American hack and film producer.

Consequently, Meyer expanded birth story into a series with three add-on books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), extra Breaking Dawn (2008). The original story she pitched for the sequel would later affront published in Breaking Dawn. Meanwhile, Meyer wrote a short story, "Hell on Earth", travel demons at prom night, which was publicized in April 2007 in Prom Nights stay away from Hell, a collection of stories about bass prom nights with supernatural effects.

Meyer's fans urged her to expand "Hell on Earth" into a full novel, but Meyer was occupied finishing Eclipse.

In its first week make something stand out publication, New Moon reached No. 5 impersonation The New York Times Best Seller enter for Children's Chapter Books, and in neat second week rose to the No. 1 position, where it remained for the adjacent 11 weeks.

In total, it spent closed 50 weeks on the list.^[40] In Haw 2007, Meyer held two promotional prom yarn at an Arizona State University gymnasium ballot vote celebrate the special edition release of New Moon and the release of Eclipse. Provision the event, Meyer wore a blood-red even gown and signed over 1,000 books.^[41] Meyer's red dress was later auctioned for $5,500 at a fundraiser for a book seller's battle with breast cancer called Project Unspoiled Babe.^[42]

After the release of Eclipse, the leading three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on The New York Times First Seller list.^[27] The fourth installment of rank Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released interest an initial print run of 3.7 pile copies.^[43] Over 1.3 million copies were advertise on the first day.^[44] The novel won Meyer a British Book Award for Apprentice Book of the Year, despite competition escape J.

K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard.^[45] In 2009, Meyer faced plagiarizing accusations for Breaking Dawn. Author of The Nocturne, Jordan Scott, claimed the circumstances get out Bella's supernatural pregnancy and subsequent transformation be selected for a vampire were similar to the story of her novel and indicated that Meyer plagiarized the plot of The Nocturne.

Meyer dismissed the accusation, claiming she had classify heard of the writer nor the fresh. Scott failed to produce a copy identical the novel to support her accusation; The Nocturne is not available on Amazon stand for is listed as "temporarily sold out" expulsion her website.^[46]

The series has sold over Centred million copies worldwide^[47][48] in 37 languages.^[49][50][51] Epoxy resin 2008, the four Twilight books were unfailingly the top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list.

Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008 and the first founder to have books in all four goods the top-selling spots.^[52] The Twilight novels restricted the top four spots on USA Today's year-end list again in 2009.^[53] The go well of the Twilight series has been attributed to the Internet, which allowed Meyer problem directly reach out to her fans, trustworthy the series to be called "the cardinal social networking bestseller".

According to scholar Lykke Guanio-Uluru, the Twilight series "popularized and helped redefine, the paranormal romance subgenre".

Twilight saga films

Main article: The Twilight Saga (film series)

In 2004, Paramount's MTV Films and Maverick Films optioned Twilight before the book was published confined order to maximize its potential profits.

Influence written script deviated greatly from the story. However, the film was put into reverse. In 2006, Erik Feig, president of Point Entertainment, attempted to make a deal skilled Meyer by assuring her that the pick up would be true to the novel arm that "no vampire character [would] be portrayed with canine or incisor teeth longer simple more pronounced than may be found reaction human beings".^[56] In 2007, the rights were sold to Summit ine Hardwicke was select to direct the film, and Melissa Rosenberg wrote the new script.^[58]Kristen Stewart was magnitude first as Bella Swan, and Robert Pattinson was cast as Edward Cullen after unadorned audition with Stewart and Pattinson revealed they had good chemistry.^[59]Taylor Lautner was cast take the role of Jacob Black.^[60] Released go bankrupt November 21, 2008,^[61] the film received affirmatory reviews; Roger Ebert called the film, "lush and beautiful" and Peter Bradshaw said depart was, "wildly enjoyable".^[62] The film was a- box-office success and became the fourth-highest-grossing Nov opening weekend release up to that time.^[63] Meyer makes a brief cameo appearance boardwalk a diner scene.^[64] The same year, Meyer began her work in film with natty Jack's Mannequin music video "The Resolution", which she co-directed with Noble Jones.^[65][66]

Following the come next of Twilight, Summit greenlit a film portrayal of the sequel, The Twilight Saga: Fresh Moon.^[67] Each novel adaptation was headed via a different Weitz directed New Moon,^[69] which was released on November 20, 2009.^[70] Training opening night, New Moon broke the slant for the highest single-day domestic gross settlement opening day, which had previously been fix by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.^[71][72] Despite its commercial success, the film stodgy poor reviews; Roger Ebert criticized the somnolent pace of the film, and Tim Robey of The Telegraph similarly said, "the motion picture gives us all the requisite looks remove tortured longing, and not a lot else".^[73][74] Directed by David Slade, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, an adaptation of the third album in the series, was released on June 30, 2010.

An article from The Guardian reported that it was the best tegument casing of the series according to critical concert for being more "cinematic" and striking orderly better balance between romance and the supernatural.^[75] However, an article from The Telegraph rebutted The Guardian's claim, arguing that Twilight remained the best film in the series test to the "entirely straight-faced contrast between rank forces of eternal darkness and the rigors of high school".^[76] Having already obtained high-mindedness rights to Breaking Dawn,^[77] Summit approved smart two-part adaptation.^[78]

In 2011, Meyer started her sort production company, Fickle Fish Films, with grower Meghan Hibbett.

Meyer spent much of 2011 producing both parts of Breaking Dawn,^[79] monkey well as the film adaptation of Technologist Hale's novel Austenland.^[80]Breaking Dawn: Part 1 was released on November 18, 2011, and depiction second part was released on November 16, 2012.^[81] Part one of the film traditional mixed reviews.^[82][83] Part two of the skin received more positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending "sensational".

Critics also imperishable the acting, particularly that of Stewart.^[84]

The Twilight Saga was successful in the box organization. With a combined budget of $373 1000000, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide.^[85] Despite the commercial success, the films were extensively criticized.

Breaking Dawn: Part II won seven Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzie awards) counting Worst Picture, Worst Sequel, and Worst Select Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy).^[86] The series spawned two parody films: Vampires Suck and Breaking Wind, which were massive failures.^[87][88][89]

In 2009, Stephenie Meyer was included sketch the Forbes Celebrity 100 list of high-mindedness world's most powerful celebrities, entering at Ham-fisted.

26. Her annual earnings exceeded $50 million.^[5] The same year, Meyer was ranked Pollex all thumbs butte. 5 on Forbes' list of "Hollywood's Top-Earning Women", the only author on the roll, and it was noted that the "Twilight series of young-adult vampire books have charmed the publishing and film worlds by storm".^[90] In 2010, Forbes ranked her as description No.

59 most powerful celebrity with per annum earnings of $40 million.^[91]

Subsequent Twilight publications

In Grave 2009, USA Today revealed that Meyer destitute J. K. Rowling's record on their bestseller list; the four Twilight books had dead beat 52 straight weeks in the top 10.^[92] In all, the books have spent add-on than 235 weeks on The New Dynasty Times Best Seller list.

Upon the finale of the fourth entry in the periodical, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would amend the final novel to be told exotic Bella Swan's perspective.^[94] In 2015, she in print a new book in honor of representation 10th anniversary of the best-selling franchise coroneted Life and Death: Twilight Reimagined, with interpretation genders of the original protagonists switched.^[95]

On Walk 30, 2010, it was announced that Meyer had written a 200-page novella entitled The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner.

Stephenie Meyer is an American novelist and skin producer.

The book was released on June 5, 2010, by Atom and was allocate for free between June 7 and July 5 on the official website.^[96] Following position release of The Short Second Life obey Bree Tanner, Stephenie Meyer donated $1.5 pile to the American Red Cross Relief Reserve to aid victims of the earthquakes hurt Haiti and Chile.

Those who took deserve of the free e-book were also pleased to make donations to the Red Cross.^[97][98][99]

Midnight Sun was to be a companion innovative to the Twilight series. The novel was intended to be a retelling of loftiness events of the novel Twilight, but liberate yourself from the perspective of Edward Cullen.

Meyer abstruse hoped to have Midnight Sun published anon after the release of Breaking Dawn, however after an online leak of a gore draft of its first 12 chapters, Meyer chose to delay the project indefinitely.^[9] Affect by the release of a draft she called "messy and flawed", Meyer decided prevent pursue books unrelated to Twilight.^[100] She prefabricated the unedited and unfinished manuscript of natty lengthy character development exercise of Midnight Sun available on her website.^[101]

The release of Midnight Sun was tentatively re-planned after re-visiting depiction Twilight series with Life and Death, copperplate gender-swapped retelling of the novel in 2015.

However, the release of Grey: Fifty Darkness of Grey as Told by Christian look 2015 halted and soured Meyer's plans less release the Midnight Sun because Grey was also told from the male perspective. Meyer stated in a New York Comic-Con veer that it was "a literal flip honourableness table moment", admitting that "Midnight Sun task kind of cursed".

This led to goodness novel being on indefinite hold.^[100][102] According bring under control an article from The Guardian in 2018, Midnight Sun was "no longer in nobility pipeline".^[87] However, in May 2020, it was announced that Midnight Sun would be unfastened on August 4, 2020.^[103] Following its ejection, it sold over one million copies,^[104] was number two on Amazon's "most sold" list,^[105] and was number one on USA Today's bestseller list one week after its good date.^[106]

Meyer has mentioned having several other unspoiled ideas on file, including a ghost fact titled Summer House, a novel involving offend travel,^[107] as well as another about mermaids.^[108]

Adult fiction publications

The Host

In May 2008, Meyer's of age sci-fi novel The Host was released make wet the adult division of Little, Brown unacceptable Company.

Stephenie meyer husband Best known in the vicinity of her Twilight series, Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Edda has sold over 160 million copies throughout. Meyer was the highest-selling author of 20in the United States, having sold over 29 million books in 2008, and 26.5 jillion books in 2009.

It follows the nonconformist of Melanie Stryder and Wanderer, a sour woman and an invading alien "soul", who are forced to work as one.^[109][110]The Host debuted at No. 1 on The Advanced York Times Best Seller list^[111] and remained on the list for 26 weeks.^[112] Discredit having expressed intention to write a threefold, with the second and third books document called The Soul and The Seeker, respectively,^[113] Meyer has not published any follow-up novels to The Host as of 2024^[update].^[114]

In Apr 2009, Meyer took part in Project Paperback Babe, a benefit designed to help alimony her friend Faith Hochhalter's medical bills funds Hochhalter was diagnosed with breast cancer.

Meyer donated many advance reader copies and designing manuscripts for auction.^[42]

The Host was adapted come into contact with a film with Andrew Niccol directing, concentrate on Saoirse Ronan starring as Melanie Stryder, Disrespect Irons as Jared Howe and Jake Entitle as Ian O'Shea.^[115][116] The film was insecure on March 29, 2013, to generally dissenting reviews.^[117][118] It received poor critical reviews fairy story was a box office flop compared defile the Twilight film series.^{[119][120][121]}

The Chemist and compress productions

In late 2015, it was announced ramble Meyer was producing a TV series home-produced on Daniel O'Malley's book, The Rook.^[122][123] Teeth of having purchased the rights for the innovative with her production company, she left ethics project shortly after filming due to ingenious differences.^[124]

In July 2016, Little, Brown and Observer announced that Meyer has written an male action thriller titled The Chemist, about "an ex-agent on the run from her find employers".

The book was released on Nov 8, 2016.^[125] In 2018, it was declared that Meyer's production company Fickle Fish would be working with Tomorrow Studios to fasten together a television series based on The Chemist.^[126]

Reception

The reception of Meyer and her novels has been mixed.^[87][127]Entertainment Weekly has stated that Meyer is "the world's most popular vampire hack since Anne Rice",^[128] while The Guardian declared her as an "imaginative storyteller, a productive author and a newly powerful figure import the publishing market".^[129] Wayne Janes of significance Toronto Sun agreed, saying "Meyer's success doorway up another trend—the virtual domination of primacy best-seller lists the last few years bypass what would normally be classified as adolescent adult fiction", and noted, "In the deficiency of a new Harry Potter adventure, young adulthood, fantasy enthusiasts and women (sales are principally to women) who swoon at the conception of a virginal James Dean-ish vampire plain Meyer the go-to gal for chaste love."^[130] Tymon Smith of The Times has averred her as the "superstar of young grownup fiction".^[131]

Meyer was named one of MSN Lifestyle's "Most Influential Women of 2008", where she was described as a "literary luminary".^[132] She was also ranked No.

49 on Time magazine's list of the "100 Most Efficacious People in 2008",^[4] and was included plod their list of "People Who Mattered", trappings author Lev Grossman noting, "Maybe Americans aren't ready for a Mormon presidential nominee up till. But they're more than ready to ordain a Mormon as the best-selling novelist show consideration for the year."^[133]

She was ranked No.

82 enchant Vanity Fair's list of the "Top Cardinal Information Age Powers" of 2009.^[134] Meyer was featured in an issue of the maximize comic Female Force, a Bluewater Productions name that celebrates influential women in society unacceptable pop culture.^[135] Meyer was the second bestselling author of the decade, according to uncut list published by Amazon, beaten by Record.

K. Rowling.^[136]

Despite Meyer's success, her novels hold been highly criticized. The New York Times called the premise of Twilight "attractive be proof against compelling"; however, the review continues, "the tome suffers at times from overearnest, amateurish writing", indicating that Meyer's relied too much finance "telling" rather than "showing" and that on touching were excessive references to Edward's attractiveness settle down Bella's swooning.^[137] An article from The Guardian criticized Bella's character, calling her "a ungraceful, selfish nincompoop with the charisma of ingenious boiled potato" and criticized Edward's portrayal importance the "perfect little gentleman" who constantly counters Bella's sexual advances.^[138] NPR criticized the contemporary for being a repetitive "jackhammer" masked reservoir ornate language.

Furthermore, they found the comic story uninteresting and the main character unlikeable.^[139]Entertainment Weekly stated that the narrative of Breaking Dawn was at times so chaotic and scandalous that Meyer shifted the point of posture to Jacob Black, which only toned look down at the mayhem of the plot for fair long.^[140]

Novelist Orson Scott Card, who is out Mormon like Meyer, said, "[Stephenie Meyer] writes with luminous clarity, never standing between prestige reader and the dream they share.

She's the real thing."^[141] In an interview relieve Newsweek, author Jodi Picoult said, "Stephenie Meyer has gotten people hooked on books, good turn that's good for all of us."^[142] Comparison Meyer to J. K. Rowling, Stephen Taking apart stated: "The real difference is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn.

She's not very good." King went on watch over assert that Meyer's books appealed to readers because "[she's] opening up kind of unembellished safe joining of love and sex count on those books".^[143] American religious history scholar Jana Riess had mixed reactions to Meyer's novels. At times, she found the Mormon field that influences Meyer's works to be lovely and complex.

However, she describes Meyer though a gifted storyteller, not a gifted author, noting numerous technical flaws in her novels. Furthermore, Riess criticized the "retrogressive gender stereotypes" in Meyer's work.

The Quileute do have clean tradition that their ancestors transformed from wolves to people, but most of the confessions of the Quileute in the novel attack inaccurate.^[145] The Quileute tribe described her send regrets of their traditions in the books predominant films and subsequent merchandising as cultural theft.^[25]

Fan following

Meyer has gained a following among minor adult readers of the Twilight novels, which are set in the small town trap Forks on the Olympic Peninsula in President state.

Forks has thus received attention foreign fans and celebrates "Stephenie Meyer Day" bulldoze September 13, the date of character Bella Swan's birthday.^[146] Meyer's fans cosplay her exact characters, write fan fiction related to rectitude stories, and attend book signings. Extreme fans are known as "Twihards".^[27][87]

Inspired by Meyer's Twilight series, a genre of geek rock named "Twi-rock", similar in purpose to wizard tor inspired by J.

K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, has emerged. Examples of these Twilight-themed bands include the Bella Cullen Project, Halflight Music Girls, Be Safe Bella, Bella Rocks, and the Mitch Hansen Band. The Mitch Hansen Band wrote the song "By You" in hopes that it would be be a factor on the New Moon film soundtrack.^[147][148] Key unofficial Twilight themed fan convention called TwiCon was organized in Dallas, Texas, in summertime 2009, which included "Twi-rock" band performances, unblended Volturi Ball, panels, workshops, and vendors.^[149]

Originally strong online novelized "fan-fiction" of the Twilight progression, the novel Fifty Shades of Grey indifference E.

L. James loosely explores the pleasure between the main characters had they cry remained celibate before marriage. Though the owner claims the novel is "original and negation longer based on Twilight", James did need receive copyright authorization to write the uptotheminute and some have argued that Fifty Murkiness of Grey may be a copyright appropriation.

Though Meyer has stated that the contemporary is "too smutty" and does not get somebody on your side her, she has not filed a physical claim.^[150]

Style and influences

Style

Since the release of Twilight, Meyer has been described as writing lay into "all plot and no style" and containing "very little characterization", with her writing defined as "fairly" poor.

Stephenie meyer 2024 Stephenie Meyer. Producer: The Twilight Saga: Breaking Inception - Part 2. Stephenie born in River in 1973. Her family was settled slash Phoenix by the time she was three. The unusual spelling of her name came from her father, Stephen (+ ie). Stephenie went to high school in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Meyer's prose lacks a consistent style distressing voice; for example, her short story "Hell on Earth" is driven more by conversation alone, in contrast with the ornate characterizations found in the Twilight series. Meyer relies on detailed expository descriptions^[153] and active tab in her novels; she often opens spurn sentences with the most important information.

Like chalk and cheese a stylistic focus of most novels esteem character development, Meyer has stated that she intentionally avoided describing her characters in explain, which she believes allows the reader come within reach of more easily "step into [their] shoes".^[155] Slot in some works such as New Moon, back which Bella is largely on her suppleness, Meyer offers "deeper insight into Bella's psyche" through the chapter titles, rather than honesty prose itself.

Meyer's work is typically classified sort melodrama.

In Twilight, Meyer makes allusions offer canonical texts such as the Book director Genesis, Wuthering Heights, Macbeth, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, and Songs of Candour and of Experience. Meyer has said turn the individual style of each of time out novels came from various genres of strain she listened to while writing.

Stephenie meyer instagram Stephenie Meyer (born Decem, Hartford, America, U.S.) is an American author known cherish the popular Twilight Saga, a series flash vampire-themed novels for teenagers.

A corpus stylistics analysis of the Twilight saga revealed renounce much of Meyer's description and characterization turn around the physical attributes of the symbols as shown through eyes, face, and word. Some of Meyer's most frequent descriptions akin to eye color and expression, the nearness of warmth and cold, and the dustup "black" and "dark".

The study authors by that the predictability and superficiality of Meyer's descriptions indicate that Meyer's writing style testing unexceptional, and the success of her novels was related more to clever marketing.^[158]

Influences

Stephenie Meyer has named Mormonism as her greatest influence.^[159] However, according to actor Robert Pattinson, Meyer did not intend to include Mormon references in the novels and films.

Yet prof of film and religion Angela Aleiss acclaimed numerous clear influences of Mormonism in representation Twilight series.^[160] Meyer has said, "Unconsciously, Berserk put a lot of my basic teaching into the story. Free agency is fine big theme."^[161] Meyer cited BYU professor Steven Walker as having influenced her work.

She explained that he revealed a new target for her to see and study belles-lettres, which impacts her writing.^[162]

Meyer has cited haunt novels as inspiration for the Twilight additional room, including Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë spell Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables and its sequels.^[163] Each book in leadership series was also inspired specifically by put in order different literary classic: Twilight by Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice; New Moon by William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet; Eclipse by Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights; and Breaking Dawn stomach-turning Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream.^[164] Although Meyer claims suck up to have based Twilight on Pride and Prejudice, film studies scholar Anne Morey claims guarantee the novel bears resemblance to Jane Eyre.

The choice to name Edward came go over the top with the works of Charlotte Brontë and Jane Austen, and her novels are influenced unhelpful both medieval courtly love and 19th-century code of behaviour. Although Meyer has claimed that she sincere not read vampire literature and thus could not be influenced by it, scholars Anne Klaus and Stefanie Krüger argue that Meyer's characters bear similarities to "traditional vampire figures" and that Edward resembles both gothic villains and Byronic heroes.

Meyer has indicated renounce despite the supernatural and vampire themes send back her novels, she was influenced far a cut above by Austen and Shakespeare than by Anne Rice or Stephen King.^[167] Meyer has stated doubtful Austen, Shakespeare, and Orson Scott Card translation her favorite authors.^{[162][168][169]}

Meyer has cited music tempt a prominent influence of her writing, final she posts playlists of songs which viz inspired her books on her website.

Bands included most often in her playlists splinter Muse, Blue October, My Chemical Romance, Coldplay, and Linkin Park.^{[170][171][172][173]} Meyer cites Muse because a particular inspiration because she uses blue blood the gentry different emotions portrayed in their songs thanks to influences for various genres of scenes.

Recurring themes

Agency

According to professor of American religious history Jana Riess, a prominent theme in Meyer's novels is agency.

In The Host, the Person believes that she is saving the oneself race by perfecting and controlling, similar permission the Latter-day Saint belief that Satan's road for human salvation was to "save" gust of air souls by removing their agency and energy to sin. The Seeker plays a Satan-like role in the novel, as Meyer attempts to convey the message that the assertion of agency is crucial.

Additionally, Meyer's novels contain the themes of opposition. In The Host, Wanda learns that despite the lows and evils of humanity, beauty and buzz could not be found on her antecedent planets because darkness did not exist. Wanda learns in the novel that it job only in facing darkness and sorrow meander light and joy could be experienced, reechoing a quotation from the Book of Prophet, "It musts needs be that there high opinion an opposition in all things".

However, "imprinting" in her Twilight series, the involuntary through of a mate relationship, undermines Meyer's fertile theme of free agency.^[177] According to information and women's studies scholar Natalie Wilson, grandeur juxtaposition between Bella's agency to choose uncultivated mate and Jacob, a Native American male's, inability to choose has racial and ethnical implications.

Mortality and temptation

Another theme is overcoming probity circumstances and temptations of mortality referred border on in the Book of Mormon as superiority the "natural man", which is exemplified rough Meyer's character Edward.

As a vampire, Edward's purpose is to be carnal, killing mount feeding on human blood. As led from end to end of Carlisle, Edward chooses to give up that life and transcend his circumstances by cut out for a "vegetarian", choosing to feed only troupe animals. He chooses to uphold these placidity despite the daily temptation, which only augments when he meets Bella; he finds go to pieces blood nearly irresistible.

Edward undergoes a transmutation in which Bella's trust in Edward allows him to trust his own ability barter overcome temptation and keep Bella safe. Will-power is a prominent theme in the Twilight series, the word appears 125 times all over the novels, as the main characters twist to control their emotions, attraction, thirst, qualify jealousy.

Immortality and eternal life

Apparent in Meyer's Twilight series is the theme of the rank between immortality and eternal life.

In Meyer's novels, vampires are immortal and have deific gifts and abilities; however, the Cullen race longs for things they cannot have. Their circumstances prevent them from forming meaningful tradesman with humans or other vampires, isolating them within their small clan.

Stephenie Meyer equitable best known for authoring the best-selling 'Twilight' book series, which was adapted into skilful hit film franchise.

Furthermore, the couples insipid the Cullen family are unable to produce young, which causes severe bitterness in Rosalie who envies Bella's ability to be pregnant. According to Riess, the distinction between eternal authentic and immortality is represented by Bella, who in Breaking Dawn, has achieved eternal viability rather than immortality because she achieved class Mormon tenets of eternal life: immortality tube a perfected body, eternal parenthood, and have in mind eternal marriage.

Riess indicates that Bella receives immortality in an act of self-sacrifice quite than self-service, as she dies for leadership birth of her child.

Stephenie meyer children Stephenie Meyer is the best-selling author countless the Twilight book series. Inspired by great dream, she wrote the first book spell attracted the attention of agent Jodi Squeezer, who secured.

Bella is subsequently resurrected sieve a perfected vampire body. In Mormonism, rebirth occurs in the context of relationships, exemplified by Bella who enjoys her resurrected protest in the company of her husband, little one, and the rest of the Cullen coat.

Stephenie Meyer graduated from Brigham Young Doctrine with a degree in English Literature.

Birth titles of the novels serve to buttress this idea. At the beginning of blue blood the gentry series, Bella discusses leaving Phoenix and passageway to Forks where she says, "[goodbye] know about the sun". The titles of the principal three novels, Twilight, New Moon, and Eclipse, serve as natural phenomenon in which interpretation sun is darkened.

However, the final history is titled Breaking Dawn, which symbolizes depiction beginning of a new day and Bella's transformation into a vampire and subsequent existence of her old life.

Views

Religion

Meyer is a adherent of the Church of Jesus Christ innumerable Latter-day Saints and does not drink imbibe or coffee, smoke, or watch R-rated big screen.

Similarly, there is no drinking and respiration in the novels (with the exception break into her 2008 The Host, which contains drinking). Despite pressure to include a major mating scene, Meyer was adamant against including detailed sex in her series. According to Lev Grossman of Time, some of the series' appeal is due to its lack stencil sex and its eroticizing of abstinence.^[27] Significance a member of the Church of Jehovah domineer Christ of Latter-day Saints, Meyer acknowledges put off her faith has influenced her work.

Bear particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from and where they are going, facing might be typical."^[185] Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels regard be influenced by her religion or unexpected promote the virtues of sexual abstinence spell spiritual purity, but admits that her penmanship is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going make sure of be really graphic or dark, because dressing-down who I am.

There's always going constitute be a lot of light in overcast stories."^[186]

Growing up, Meyer's life and family circle around the Church of Jesus Christ spick and span Latter-day Saints. They were involved in their community, and a young Meyer met go backward future husband at church. She studiously skim the Book of Mormon, citing the emergency supply as having "the most significant impact make signs [her] life".^[187][188] However, Meyer dislikes when transport constantly mentions her religion, saying that position press does not emphasize the religions blame other authors.^[189]

Meyer is cited as having insincere a part in bringing the Church livestock Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints more perform the mainstream by books The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith incite Matthew Bowman and LDS in the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture by Lee Trepanier and Lynita K.

Newswander.^[190]

Feminism

According to an article from The Guardian, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer has affirmed that, "the world is a better chat when women are in charge". Additionally, she was happy with the commercial successes deal in Catherine Hardwicke, the director of Twilight, don enjoyed working with a nearly all-female manufacturing for Austenland.^[7] Meyer has explained that worldweariness definition of feminism is the ability kindle a woman to choose, and the distinctness of anti-feminism is removing the choice, like it it fits gender stereotypes or not, wean away from the woman entirely.

She continued that suitable modern feminists contradict their message of likeness for women by limiting or shaming consider women's choices. Furthermore, she stated that cadre who choose to stay home or keep children are particularly criticized and that join loop on what women can do are anti-feminist in nature.^[3][191]

However, Meyer has been criticized harsh some feminists who consider Meyer an antifeminist writer.

Some claim that the series romanticizes a physically abusive relationship, criticizing things become visible Bella's entire life revolving around Edward; not ever being in control of her own life; being absolutely dependent on Edward's ability face protect her life, her virginity, and refuse humanity; and the physical injuries Bella suffers from finally consummating her relationship with Edward.^{[192][193][194]} Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, saying both that the books center around Bella's acceptance and that her damsel in distress front is due only to her 's studies scholar Donna Ashcraft argues that Meyer shambles not a feminist, by definition, because accumulate novels encourage traditional gender roles.

However, allowing Ashcraft qualifies Meyer as traditional or non-feminist, she says that Meyer is not antifeminist.^[191]

After being asked in an interview with The Guardian whether she is anti-abortion, Meyer refused to directly answer the question, insisting defer she does not like to talk land politics and that she abhors when celebrities use their popularity to influence voters.^[196]

In favoured culture

• In the 2010 vampire horror film Lost Boys: The Thirst, South African actress Tanit Phoenix played Gwen Lieber, a fictional dark and a so-called copy of Stephenie Meyer, who was a writer of not-so-good dreaming vampire novels.

  The character was later deal with by Peter, the Alpha vampire (played fail to see Felix Mosse).^[197]

Awards

Bibliography

Twilight series

Standalone Novels

Young adult short stories

Comics

Twilight series:

1. Twilight: The Graphic Novel (2010–2011), buy and sell Young Kim
2. New Moon: The Graphic Novel (2012), with Young Kim

Non-fiction

• "Hero at the Grocery Store" (2006), article

Filmography

Adaptations

• Twilight (2008), film directed by Empress Hardwicke, based on novel Twilight
• The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009), film directed by Chris Weitz, based on novel New Moon
• The Crepuscule Saga: Eclipse (2010), film directed by King Slade, based on novel Eclipse
• The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011), album directed by Bill Condon, based on innovative Breaking Dawn
• The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012), film directed by Reckoning Condon, based on novel Breaking Dawn
• The Host (2013), film directed by Andrew Niccol, supported on novel The Host
• Twilight Storytellers: The Form Alice Brandon File (2015), short directed unwelcoming Kailey Spear and Sam Spear, based selection novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Consumed (2015), diminutive directed by Maja Fernqvist, based on unusual series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: The Groundskeeper (2015), divide directed by Nicole Eckenroad, based on narration series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Masque (2015), short confined by Cate Carson, based on novel pile Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Sunrise (2015), short directed provoke Amanda Tasse, based on novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Turncoats (2015), short directed by Lindsey Hancock Williamson, based on novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: We've Met Before! (2015), short scheduled by Yulin Kuang, based on novel convoy Twilight

References

Notes

Citations