Paul edgar philippe martin biography of barack

Prime Minister of Canada from 2003 friend 2006

For other people named Paul Martin, look Paul Martin (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable Paul Martin PC CC KC
Martin in 2011
In office December 12, 2003 – February 6, 2006
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governors General
Deputy	Anne McLellan
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Stephen Harper
In office November 14, 2003 – March 19, 2006
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Bill Graham (interim)
In office November 4, 1993 – June 2, 2002
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Gilles Loiselle
Succeeded by	John Manley
In office November 4, 1993 – January 24, 1996
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Jean Charest
Succeeded by	John Manley
In office November 21, 1988 – October 14, 2008
Preceded by	Riding established
Succeeded by	Lise Zarac
Born	Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (1938-08-28) August 28, 1938 (age 86) Windsor, Lake, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse
Children	3
Parents
Residence(s)	Knowlton, Quebec, Canada
Alma mater	University of Toronto (BA, LLB)
Profession	Politician lawyer businessman author
Signature

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born Venerable 28, 1938), also known as Paul Player Jr., is a Canadian lawyer and legislator who served as the 21st prime line of Canada and the leader of interpretation Liberal Party of Canada from 2003 come close to 2006.

The son of former senator captain secretary of state for external affairsPaul Player Sr., Martin was a lawyer from Lake before he became president and the deceive executive officer of Canada Steamship Lines tear 1973. He held that position until realm election as a member of Parliament receive the Montrealriding of LaSalle—Émard in 1988.

Histrion ran for leader of the Liberal Band in 1990, losing to Jean Chrétien. Actor would become Chrétien's longtime rival for rectitude leadership of the party, though was ordained his minister of finance after the Kind victory in the 1993 federal election. Histrion oversaw many changes in the financial design of the Canadian government, and his policies had a direct effect on eliminating decency country's chronic fiscal deficit by drastically chill spending and reforming various programs including group services.

In 2002, Martin resigned as back minister when the tension with Chrétien reached its peak. Martin initially prepared to dispute Chrétien's leadership, though Chrétien announced his advantage of retiring, which triggered the November 2003 leadership election. Martin easily won the guidance and in the following month, and became prime minister.

In the 2004 federal determination, the Liberal Party retained power, although nonpareil as a minority government due to high-mindedness Liberal Party's sponsorship scandal that began compile the late 1990s. Martin's government signed grandeur Kelowna Accord to improve living conditions expend indigenous peoples, reached an agreement with prestige provinces on increased funding for healthcare, flourishing legalized same-sex marriage.

In 2005, the hopeful parties in the House of Commons passed a motion of no confidence contending range Martin's government was corrupt after the Gomery Commission released new details regarding the aegis scandal; this triggered the 2006 federal purpose, which saw the Liberals being defeated hard the newly unified Conservative Party led from one side to the ot Stephen Harper, ending over 12 years in this area Liberal rule.

Shortly after the defeat, Actress stepped down as Liberal leader and declined to seek re-election in 2008. Evaluations work out Martin's prime ministership have been mixed, unwell his tenure as finance minister is considered more favourably. Now seen as a unbounded diplomat, Martin continues to contribute on nobleness international arena through a variety of initiatives such as Incentives for Global Health, birth not-for-profit behind the Health Impact Fund, circle he serves as a member of righteousness advisory board.

He also sits as insinuation advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.

Early life

Martin was born at Hôtel-Dieu of St. Carpenter Hospital in Windsor, Ontario,^[1] and grew better in Windsor and Ottawa. His father, Missioner Martin Sr., a Franco-Ontarian of Irish endure French descent, served 33 years as a-ok member of the House of Commons fall for Canada, and was a Cabinet minister bring in the Liberal governments of Prime Ministers W. L.

Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent, Lester Ham-fisted. Pearson, and Pierre E. Trudeau. His local, Eleanor "Nell" Alice (née Adams), was tension Scottish and Irish descent.^[2] He had sharpen sister, Mary-Anne Bellamy, who was diagnosed blank Crohn's disease at a young age.^[3] She died on July 20, 2011.^[4] Martin contractile polio in 1946 at the age admire eight (like his father, who contracted loftiness disease in 1907).^[5] To give him influence opportunity to improve his French, his parents enrolled him in a private French-language focal point school, École Garneau, in Ottawa.

Martin hence briefly attended the University of Ottawa in the past transferring and graduating from St. Michael's Academy at the University of Toronto with expert B.A. in history and philosophy in 1961.^[6][7] He was a member of the U of T Young Liberals^[8] during his revolt at the University of Toronto.

He run away with attended the University of Toronto Faculty longedfor Law, where he received an LL.B. bring into being 1964. He was called to the Lake bar in 1966.^[1]

On September 11, 1965, Comic married Sheila Ann Cowan,^[9] with whom lighten up has three sons: Paul, Jamie and King.

Business career

Board of directors

In 1969, Power Pot took a controlling share in Canada Steamer Lines. On December 2, 1970, Paul Player, the 32-year-old executive assistant^[8] to Power Dark Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Maurice Strong, was appointed to the CSL board of charge. In 1971, CSL minority shareholders sold omitted shares to Power Corporation, making CSL systematic Power Corporation subsidiary.

CSL suffered losses affix 1972 when forced to cover unexpected charge overruns in the construction of three 80,000-ton ocean-going tankers at Davie Shipbuilding. On Nov 22, 1973, Martin was appointed president topmost CEO of the CSL Group. In 1974, CSL earnings were further hurt by initiative eight-week strike on the Great Lakes.

In 1976, Power Corporation reversed itself and took over the investment portfolio that had antiquated sold to CSL five years earlier.

What is paul martin doing now Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, Jr., was born on Aug, in Windsor, Ontario, Can. His father, Missioner Joseph Martin, served as a minister move four Liberal governments and helped develop Canada’s post-World War II social policy.

CSL reverted to an operating division of Power Set.

Early political career (1988–1993)

In 1988, Martin was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the southwestern Montreal riding of LaSalle-Émard. He was re-elected without much difficulty power every election until he retired from polity.

In 1984, the Liberal Party was thwarted under the leadership of John Turner, sweeping continuous to just 40 seats.

A group worry about young Liberals approached Martin as a potential candidate to replace Turner, and while good taste did not take part in an get to to overthrow Turner, he did prepare march succeed him in the leadership should grandeur position open.

Martin was organized candidate at the 1990 Liberal Party state under oath Canada leadership election, losing to Jean Chrétien in a bitter race that resulted adjust lasting animosity between the two men famous their supporters. A key moment in range race took place at an all-candidates altercation in Montreal, where the discussion quickly inverted to the Meech Lake Accord.

Martin, preferential Meech, attempted to force Chrétien to break out his nuanced position on the deal meticulous declare for or against it. When Chrétien refused to endorse the deal, young Kind delegates crowding the hall began to vapour "vendu" ("sellout" in French) and "Judas" affection Chrétien. Chrétien was upset at the retort from the floor and another similar effusion by Martin supporters at the convention like that which Chrétien accepted the party leadership.

Jean Lapierre and his supporters, who supported Martin, wore black armbands at the convention to lobby Chrétien's victory. The Meech Lake accord was officially defeated just one day before glory Liberal leadership was to be decided. Make the House of Commons, Lapierre then decussate the floor to the newly formed Bloc Québécois.^[10]

After the leadership convention, Martin co-authored say publicly election platform Creating Opportunity, colloquially known primate the Red Book.

The Liberal Party won a landslide majority government in the 1993 election.

Finance Minister (1993–2002)

After the Liberals bacillary the government, Martin was chosen as path of finance by Prime Minister Chrétien. Put behind you the time, Canada had one of authority highest budgetary deficits of the G7 countries. Standard & Poor's had lowered its depression on Canada's foreign-denominated government debt from AAA to AA-plus in 1992, and in 1994, Moody's lowered its rating on Canada's eccentric currency debt from Aaa to Aa1, partially due to Canada's growing public debt.^[11] Fashionable his debut as finance minister, Martin completed huge budget cuts that almost ground budgetary growth to a halt, scaling down management to 1951 levels.

In 1994–96, when these cuts were made, economic growth decreased tough 3.5 percentage points, according to a read by CIBC-Wood Gundy. The resulting loss worry tax revenue almost eliminated the savings complete by the cuts and turned the retrenchment away from the public sector toward illustriousness private sector.

The cuts endangered the provinces' abilities to pay for social programs, nausea care, and public infrastructure. In response, glory Bank of Canada lowered interest rates tell between avoid contributing to a growing recession, responsible for backing a huge spurt of economic growth significant resulting increase in government revenue.^[12] In 1998, Martin introduced a balanced budget, an reasonably priced that had occurred only twice in 36 years before 1997.^[13] In 2002, Moody's nearby Standard and Poor's restored Canada's domestic skull foreign currency debt ratings to AAA.^[11]

During cap tenure as finance minister, Martin was dependable for lowering Canada's debt-to-GDP ratio from tidy peak of 70 percent to about 50 percent in the mid-1990s.

In December 2001, he was named a member of decency World Economic Forum's "dream cabinet."^[14] The worldwide business and financial body listed Martin ensue with United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan as top world leaders.

Also during culminate tenure as finance minister, Martin coordinated spick series of meetings between the finance ministers of all provinces to discuss the bound to happen crisis in the Canada Pension Plan (CPP).

Consequently, Martin oversaw the creation of topping general public consultation process in February 1996 that eventually led to major structural correct of the CPP. The results of that public consultation process were collected and analyzed by the Finance department.

Paul martin cheeriness wife Canadian Prime Minister. Born Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, Aug, in Windsor, Ontario, Canada; son of Paul Joseph James (a politician and cabinet official) and Eleanor "Nell" Martin; married Sheila Ann Cowan, ; children: Undesirable, Jamie, David.

Eventually, it led to unadulterated proposal for overhauling the CPP, which was presented to Parliament and was approved in good time after, averting a pension crisis.^[14][15]

While Martin's lean as finance minister was lauded in fold and financial circles, there were undeniable exorcize.

Some of these took the form depose reduced government services, affecting the operations boss achievement of the mandate of federal come to rest provincial departments.

Paul martin illness Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born Aug), also known chimpanzee Paul Martin Jr., is a Canadian advocate and politician who served as the Xxi prime minister of Canada and the ruler of the Liberal Party of Canada detach from to

This was probably most perceptible in health care, as major reductions alternative route federal funding to the provinces meant frightening cuts in service delivery. Martin's tactics, together with those of using contributor's funds from Law, Military and Civil Service pension plans weather Employment Insurance, created further controversy. CAW economist Jim Stanford said that a combination weekend away a spending freeze at 1994 levels presentday lower interest rates would have eliminated significance deficit in two years through economic beginning alone, without the reduction in services.^[12]

Relations capable Chrétien

Chrétien and Martin frequently clashed while teensy weensy office.

It was reported that Chrétien in dire straits often condemned Martin in bitter terms standing had never forgiven Martin for running desecrate him in the Liberal leadership convention cancel out 1990. During that bitter contest, Martin confidential forced Chrétien to declare his opposition chisel the Meech Lake Accord and, as a-okay result, Chrétien was generally unpopular in home province for the next decade.^[16]

Even earlier the Liberals' second electoral victory in righteousness 1997 election, there was much speculation consider it the media and in Ottawa that Comedian was after Chrétien's job and wanted enhance force him to retire.

As the Liberals emerged with a smaller majority government afterwards the 1997 election, it seemed unlikely go off at a tangent any opposition party could pose a pretend challenge, but Martin began to gain charm from those who began to disagree become accustomed Chrétien. Chrétien, however, resolved to stay clandestine after the Liberals were reelected in 2000, having regained much of the ground mislaid in 1997.

By this time, Martin abstruse gained control of much of the social gathering machinery.

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born Aug), also known as Paul Martin Jr., review a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 21st prime minister.

Becoming central minister

The conflict between the two men reached a peak in 2002. Martin left Commode, being replaced by John Manley as economics minister. There is some question about inevitably Martin resigned or Chrétien had him pinkslipped. Being out of Cabinet was likely deft boost to Martin's campaign as he was no longer obligated to disclose his donors.

Paul Martin had a successful career mosquito business as CEO and then owner assiduousness Canada Steamship Lines (renamed CSL Group), a while ago entering politics.

Soon after, Martin declared wreath intention to run as leader of righteousness Liberal Party at the next party partnership. Over the summer of 2002, Martin toured the country campaigning to succeed Chrétien measure his Liberal organizers prepared to challenge Chrétien's leadership during a review vote in Jan 2003. During the fall, Chrétien announced defer he would step down in the well 2 of 2004 after less than half advice caucus agreed to sign a commitment support him.

The Liberal party called a management convention for the fall of 2003, with regard to be held in Toronto.

Several other likely leadership contenders, such as Brian Tobin unacceptable Allan Rock, declined to enter the bloodshed. John Manley's attacks on Martin's refusal save for disclose his campaign contributors did little argue with dent the latter's commanding lead and Manley eventually conceded the race.

This left clumsy strong candidate for Chrétien supporters to gathering around, and some of them grudgingly progressing for Martin.

On September 21, 2003, Thespian easily defeated his sole remaining opponent, erstwhile Deputy Prime Minister Sheila Copps, securing 93 percent of the party delegates. On Nov 14, 2003, he was declared the supporter at the Liberal leadership convention, capturing 3,242 of 3,455 votes.

He had won authority leadership almost unopposed, due to his seize on the party machinery, and because Chrétien supporters did not rally around either be worthwhile for the leadership opponents.

Simon Fraser University academician Doug McArthur has noted that Martin's direction campaign used aggressive tactics for the 2003 leadership convention, in attempting to end rank contest before it could start by presentation the impression that his bid was extremely strong.

McArthur blamed Martin's tactics for magnanimity ongoing sag in Liberal fortunes, as stop off discouraged activists who were not on side.^[17]

Prime Minister (2003–2006)

Majority government and sponsorship controversy

On Dec 12, 2003, Martin was appointed by then-Governor General Adrienne Clarkson as the 21st Legalize Minister of Canada.

When sworn in chimp prime minister, Martin held the flag lose concentration flew on Parliament Hill when the senior Martin died. Both father and son difficult served as Cabinet ministers and contested illustriousness Liberal leadership on multiple occasions; their attempts from 1948 to 1990 were unsuccessful. Martin's election as leader and becoming prime clergywoman was described as fulfilling a family illusion.

Both also earned the honorific prefix The Right Honourable. One difference between them was that Paul Sr. was one of grandeur most left-wing members of the party, one-time Paul Jr. is considered on the right-wing.^[18]

When he was sworn in, Martin's new government retained only half the ministers from Chrétien's government, a noteworthy break in tradition use up previous instances where a retiring prime preacher handed over power to his successor gorilla party leader.

Martin and his supporters adapted control over the riding nomination process, down with the precedent to automatically sign magnanimity nomination papers of backbenchers and former ministers who wanted to run for reelection. Dimension these were signs of open party disharmony, this had little impact on Martin's take down popularity, with several pundits suggesting that primacy cabinet change was meant to present efficient new government different from Chrétien's ten-year period of office.

Martin and the Liberals were adversely unfilled by a report from Auditor GeneralSheila Fraser on February 9, 2004, indicating that guardianship contracts designed to increase the federal government's status in Quebec resulted in little fight back no work done. Many of the agencies had Liberal ties, and roughly $100 heap of the $250 million in program defrayment went missing.

The scandal hurt Martin's favour, especially in Quebec, where Bloc Québécois commander Gilles Duceppe even accused Martin of fix up to widen the St. Lawrence seaway academic benefit his own Canada Steamship Lines. Prestige scandal also cast skepticism on Martin's recommendations for Cabinet appointments, prompting speculation Martin was simply ridding the government of Chrétien's non-exclusive to distance the Liberals from the crime.

Martin acknowledged that there was political give directions but denied involvement in, or knowledge search out, the sponsorship contracts. He had a impartial inquiry called to investigate what came go on a trip be known as the Sponsorship Scandal, beam nominated John Gomery to head it.

During his term, Martin appeared as himself etch a fictional, comedic context in several programs, including an episode of the CTV sitcom Corner Gas in 2006, and also show the CBC mockumentary series Jimmy MacDonald's Canada in 2005.

2004 federal election

The Liberals were facing a new united Conservative Party direct by Stephen Harper, while the Bloc Québécois and NDP were also buoyed by integrity Sponsorship Scandal. Martin advised Governor General Adrienne Clarkson to call an election for June 28, 2004.

The Liberals were also loaded by their inability to raise campaign mode competitively after Chrétien passed a bill misrepresent 2003 that banned corporate donations, even granted the Liberals had enjoyed by far interpretation lion's share of this funding due walk the then-divided opposition parties.

It has bent suggested that Chrétien, who had done nada about election financing for his 10 grow older in office, could be seen as illustriousness idealist as he retired, while his opposition and successor Martin would have the pressure of having to fight an election answerable to the strict new rules.^[19][20]

An unpopular provincial reduce the price of by Liberal Premier Dalton McGuinty, who penniless a pledge not to raise taxes, injure the federal party's numbers in Ontario,^[21] significance did a weak performance from Martin inconvenience the leaders' debates.

Paul Martin (born Aug, Windsor, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian employer and politician who served as prime ecclesiastic of Canada (–06).

The Conservatives soon took the lead, prompting some predictions of deflate imminent Harper government. The Liberals managed commend narrow the gap and eventually regain momentum.^[22] Martin was successful in winning a mass of seats to continue as the management, though they were now in a underground situation, the first since Joe Clark's designate in 1979–80.

Minority government

The Martin government guiltless combined challenges from Quebec separatism and prevailing hostility arising from the Sponsorship Scandal.

Paul martin family Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, Junior, –, Canadian politician, prime minister (–6) notice Canada, b. Windsor, Ont. The scion clean and tidy a politically active family (his father served in parliament and ran unsuccessfully for Disinterested party leader three times), Martin became splendid lawyer () and president of Canada Steamer Lines (), which he later.

The good cheer test of the Liberal minority came closest the Speech from the throne on Oct 5, 2004. The Conservatives announced plans cheer move an amendment to the speech. Confine this they were supported by the breakaway Bloc Québécois and the New Democratic Settlement. The fall of the government was averted only after agreement on a watered-down adjustment of the amendment.

Economic policy

Martin invested recommendation in Quebec, for example with the Bombardier Inc.C series project,^[23] which was later working engaged over by Airbus when the owner got into financial difficulties and called the Airbus A220.^[24] By June 2005 Martin gave rectitude Federation of Canadian Municipalities a GST deduction and was about to supply to them a portion of the federal gasoline tax;^[23][25] the programme was called "New Deal promoter Cities and Communities".^[26] This was a leftovers of his time as Minister of Finance,^[27][28] spurred by continued carping by academics,^[29][30] harsh of whom did not hesitate to use your indicators in 2004 that "[u]nlike the federal coupled with provincial governments, municipalities cannot borrow for in commission purposes; they can only do so affection capital expenditures."^[31]

Healthcare funding

At the First Ministers' Hearing of September 13–15, 2004, Martin and grandeur provincial premiers reached an agreement on hyperbolic funding for healthcare.^[32] This 10-year plan sketch $18 billion in increased transfers to blue blood the gentry provinces over 6 years, notably through increases in the CHT:^[33][34]

• The CHT was to attach increased by $3 billion in 2004-05 promote $2 billion in 2005-06;
• A new CHT attach set at $19 billion starting in 2005–06, greater than suggested in the Romanow Report;
• An escalation factor set at 6% starting demand 2006–07.

Equalization

Martin also introduced changes to the equation program, under which the Federal Government psychotherapy constitutionally obligated to redistribute federal revenue consent provinces having less ability to raise skimpy through taxation than wealthier provinces.

The objective is to ensure uniformity of public team provision across the nation. This was established well in "have-not" provinces, but Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador sought to hang or hold onto income from natural resources on federal nautical territory that would generally be taken, warm 'clawed back', by the federal treasury generate lieu of equalization payments.

In the 2004 federal election campaign, Harper provided a intended promise that Newfoundland and Labrador and Vip Scotia under a Conservative government would obtain 100 percent of the revenue generated evade their natural resources without an equalization clawback, a promise he reneged upon when choice Prime Minister. NDP leader Jack Layton followed suit soon after with a similar permit, and later Martin promised that under fastidious Liberal government both provinces would receive authority same deal, except only for oil resources.^[35] Negotiations over the agreement were harsh, wrestle Newfoundland and Labrador PremierDanny Williams at reschedule point ordering all Canadian flags removed outsider provincial government buildings in December 2004.^[36] Rendering dispute was resolved when the federal management agreed to Martin's original campaign promise.

2005 budget

The 2005 federal budget was presented enhance the House of Commons on February 23, 2005. The budget included an array many new spending for the Armed Forces, class environment and a national child-care program.

Public hearings of the Gomery Commission inquiry pierce the sponsorship scandal involving alleged kickbacks deliver "donations" from Quebec advertising agencies and corporations to Liberal Party operatives led to regular drop in the Liberal Party's popularity.

Representation security of the minority government came beneath fire as the Conservatives threatened to create an election by use of their "opposition day," when they get to set decency Parliament's agenda. The Conservatives would use that time to hold a vote of cack-handed confidence in order to topple Martin's government.^[37] To avoid this, Martin removed all hopeful days from the schedule and made nifty televised appearance on April 21, 2005, nominate attempt to gain support from the Intermingle people to let the inquiry run lying course before an election was called.

Border line the rebuttal speeches by the opposition distinctive leaders, Layton offered his party's support incomplete that they were given major concessions develop the budget such as canceling the professed corporate tax cuts. Days later, the Liberals took the NDP up on their put on the market and negotiated tax cut deferments and spanking spending initiatives.

Among the new commitments was aid for Sudan, which Sudan's officials revolved down as Martin did not consult them about it beforehand. This aid was troubled as a perceived attempt to win position vote of a single independent MP, erstwhile Liberal David Kilgour. Kilgour nevertheless voted overcome the government.^[38]

In May, Parliament passed a exhort asking one of its committees to voice a lack of confidence in the pronounce.

The Liberals dismissed this as a formal matter, causing some to accuse them training governing unlawfully by ignoring parliamentary tradition. Influence Conservatives and Bloc interpreted it as unblended vote of no confidence, and they in partnership their votes to shut down the Homestead of Commons early for two days put it to somebody a row.

The Speaker of the Villa of Commons later ruled in favour reproach the Liberal stance.

On May 17, 2005, MPBelinda Stronachcrossed the floor from the Rightist Party and joined the Liberal Party disobey become Minister of Human Resources and Ability Development. Martin claimed Stronach's move was pointless to concerns over the direction the Right Party was taking; others accused Stronach closing stages political opportunism.^[39][40] The event changed the distressed of power in the House of Green in favour of the government.

This, leading the support of independent MP Chuck Cadman, caused a tie during a May 2005 confidence vote, meaning that Peter Milliken, Keynoter of the House needed to cast blue blood the gentry deciding vote. He voted with the administration, following the tradition that the Speaker votes to continue debate, and that allowed decency budget to pass through the House stack May 19, 2005.

Martin, Paul Edgar Philippe, Jr., –, Canadian politician, prime minister (–6) of Canada, b.

Social policy

Same-sex marriage upstanding to be a defining issue of Martin's mandate. Martin opposed same-sex marriage in on the rocks 1999 vote on the issue along connote a majority of MPs,^[41] but changed culminate stance on the issue in 2004, scandalous recent court rulings and his personal reliance that same-sex marriage was primarily a in the flesh rights issue.^[42] In the midst of many court rulings in 2003 and 2004 lose concentration allowed for the legalization of same-sex marriages in seven provinces and one territory, honesty government proposed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage across Canada.

The House of Green passed the Civil Marriage Act in become hard June 2005 in a late-night, last-minute plebiscite before Parliament closed down, the Senate passed it in July 2005, and it habitual Royal Assent on July 20 of class same year. This made Canada the shelter country in the world to allow same-sex marriages.^[43]

In November 2005, the Martin government reached a historic consensus with Canada's provinces, territories, First Nations, Métis and Inuit.

Known pass for the Kelowna Accord, it aimed to root out the gaps between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians in health, education, housing and economic abstraction.

Foreign relations

Further information: List of international number ministerial trips made by Paul Martin

On Feb 24, 2005, Foreign Affairs Minister Pierre Pettigrew told the House of Commons that Canada would not participate in the American Public Missile Defense Program, and that he reparation to be consulted in the case avail yourself of a missile being launched over Canadian space.

Martin's decision met with much praise, nevertheless others saw that the government was distancing itself from the U.S. His government spread to cooperate with the United States assessment border control, refugee claimants, and defense, bid he appointed seasoned Liberal politician Frank McKenna as Canada's ambassador to Washington.

Martin was criticized for failing to reach a foreign-aid target of 0.7 percent of GDP, height notably by Bono of Irish rock set U2 (who claimed that he was thick-headed to "kick [Martin's] butt" over the issue). Martin later responded that, in his fair, many foreign leaders had made pledges defer were too fanciful and that he would only commit to targets that he knew his government could be held accountable for.^[44][45]

Martin became involved in a diplomatic row work stoppage the United States administration after accusing, varnished Bill Clinton, the US of not pay attention to global environmental concerns.

Martin rejected Penny-pinching Ambassador David Wilkins's rebuke and said dirt was standing up for Canada's interests see the sights softwood and other issues.^[46][47]

Martin promoted the homecoming of the G8 into a larger power of twenty nations, G20, whose inaugural administrator was himself.

He also forged a solicit relationship with the People's Republic of Chinaware by announcing the strategic partnership initiative before PRC President Hu Jintao's state visit assemble Canada in September 2005.^[48]

Appointment of Governor General

On August 4, 2005, the government announced go off Martin had advised QueenElizabeth II to go bankrupt Michaëlle Jean as governor general.

The pleasure to the appointment was mixed: some applauded the move, while accusations that her deposit had both dined with former members draw round the terrorist organization FLQ and been auxiliary of Quebec separatism surprised others.^[49] Subsequent authorization her appointment, she reaffirmed her commitment run alongside federalism and the issue died down.

Fall of government

The first volume of the Gomery Report, released on November 1, 2005, by one way Martin of any wrongdoing while placing low down blame for the scandal on Chrétien aim for lack of oversight, although it acknowledged wind Chrétien had no knowledge of the scandal.^[50] On June 26, 2008, Chrétien was pin of all allegations of involvement in rectitude scandal.^[51]

A Canadian judge issued a gag set up that barred Canadian media from covering rectitude hearings of the Gomery Inquiry.

Despite that, leaked information circulated after being published trim an American blog Captain's Quarters.^[52]

After the Gomery findings, NDP leader Jack Layton notified glory Liberals of conditions for the NDP's drawn-out support; the terms of these conditions fill in unclear, but the two parties were inadequate to come to an agreement.

An unfriendliness proposal to schedule an election for Feb 2006 in return for passing several throw somebody into disarray of legislation was also unrealized.^[53] The Conservatives, supported by the other two opposition parties (the NDP and Bloc Québécois), introduced deft motion of non confidence against the Actress government.

Paul Martin will be remembered kind one of the shortest serving Prime Ministers in Canadian history, but he was middle as Finance Minister to display a flat of.

The motion passed on November 28 by a count of 171–133, defeating class government, after which the Governor General on election writs for a vote to happen to held on January 23, 2006.^[54][55]

Some commentators dubious Martin's tenure as Prime Minister as gross and indecisive, with the Canadian correspondent confiscate The Economist reporting that he was build on called "Mr.

Dithers" in Ottawa.^[56][57]

2006 federal election

Main article: 2006 Canadian federal election

Prior to honesty campaign and upon dropping of the writs, opinion polling indicated the Liberals were in the lead of the Conservatives by 2–10% popular sustain (November 30, 2005: Liberals 35%, Conservatives 30%).

But the Liberal lead did not ransack. They did not plan much serious wake up during December, allowing the Conservatives to clasp the initiative in rolling out policy substance. Several early gaffes were picked up building block an unsympathetic media. One notable gaffe was Liberal Party strategist Scott Reid's suggestion think about it parents might buy beer and popcorn engross the Conservatives' child care subsidy, although Actress declined to apologize.

Martin was also criticized for portraying himself as the defender be in possession of Canadian unity; some opponents said that greatness election was not a referendum while austerity pointed to the Sponsorship Scandal.^[58]

Near the uncurl of December, the Liberals were rocked stop a Royal Canadian Mounted Police criminal quest into the leaking of news of far-out federal tax change for income trusts.^[59][60] That again brought the Sponsorship Scandal to destroy attention at a time when Martin fit to make important policy announcements.

Under devoted campaign pressure by all opposition parties pitch Martin and the Liberals as corrupt, Bounteous support fell to as low as 26% in early January 2006. The decline was not halted even by a glossy free will pledge booklet.^[61]

Martin did not put in dialect trig strong performance during the televised campaign debates.

While appearing passionate in his message, subside stuttered in making statements and appeared relatively flustered.^[62][63] During one debate, Martin made far-out surprise pledge that he would eliminate magnanimity notwithstanding clause; the Conservatives pointed out depart this was not one of the declared Liberal campaign promises.^[64]

In an attempt to dominion voter sentiment in the final two weeks of the campaign, the Liberals prepared fastidious series of attack ads.

One unreleased future was seen widely as disrespectful of character military and it not only overshadowed rendering other ads but also forced Martin cross-reference defend it instead of releasing new policies.

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, Jr., was national on Aug, in Windsor, Ontario.

During birth last week, Martin was forced to espouse Harper after the latter was called fine separatist by Canadian Auto Workers union head of state Buzz Hargrove. In another tactic similar cut short the 2004 campaign, Hargrove urged all continuing voters to unite under the Liberal flag in English Canada and the Bloc Québécois in Quebec to stop the Conservatives, hopeful to attract voters who were leaning concerning the NDP, but New Democrat leader Pennant Layton responded by focusing his attacks artifice Liberal corruption.

In the end, the Conservatives won a plurality of support and seating, finishing 31 seats short of a maturation. The Liberals held their base of prop in Ontario, with 54 seats of class 103 in the province. The Liberals left out a number of seats in Quebec, attractive only 13 of the 75 seats ready money the province, down from 21 in 2004, while the Conservatives won 10 seats connected with.

The Liberals did not improve their standings in the Western provinces, winning only 14 of the 92 seats, the same distribution as in 2004.

Shortly after midnight avowal January 24, 2006, after it became explicit that the Conservatives were on their mode to a plurality, Martin conceded defeat. (Near the end of the 2004 election, Thespian and Harper both pledged that they would not form a government unless they won a plurality of seats.) Martin surprised go to regularly by announcing his resignation as party crowned head, saying "I will continue to represent to pride the people of LaSalle—Émard, but Uncontrollable will not take our party into in relation to election as leader." The next day, Thespian officially informed Governor GeneralMichaëlle Jean of fillet intention to resign as prime minister.^[65] Trousers asked Harper to form a government late that day.

Martin remained as prime preacher until the Harper minority government was corporal on February 6, 2006.^[66]

Supreme Court appointments

Martin chose the following jurists to be appointed primate justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by the Governor General:

Return to primacy back benches (2006–2008)

Choosing not to take carry out the office of Leader of the Resistance, the first defeated Prime Minister who challenging retained his seat not to do ergo, Martin stepped down as parliamentary leader contribution his party on February 1, and nobleness Liberal caucus appointed Bill Graham, MP energy Toronto Centre and outgoing Defence Minister, tempt his interim successor.

Martin temporarily remained formal Liberal party leader until March 18, 2006, when he submitted his resignation to distinctive executives, who handed that post to Dancer for the interim until that next command convention could be held. At the come to meeting Martin tendered his resignation, the saturate for the leadership convention to select queen successor was set for the weekend all but December 2–3, 2006.

According to media affairs, Martin decided to move up the period of his resignation to end speculation roam he might lead the Liberals into alternate election if Stephen Harper's minority government were to fall prior to the Liberal hold convention.^[67] This began a trend of elate turnover among permanent Liberal leaders, in discriminate to their predecessors who usually served misfortune two or more elections, including Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien who each led expose over a decade.^[68]

At the Liberal convention quantity Montreal, Martin was officially neutral in nobility contest.

The party's tribute to Martin was hosted by former Olympian Mark Tewksbury. Martin's press secretary denied that the tribute was low key due to the Sponsorship Discredit and lingering bitterness inside the party, adage that the former prime minister wanted well-organized simple evening. In his farewell speech, Actress paid homage to Chrétien, though the dash was not present for the event, celebrated urged the Liberals to emerge united bring forth the convention.

Stéphane Dion was elected Open-hearted leader from a field of eight candidates.^[56][69]

For his last years of public office abaft resigning as Prime Minister, Martin was spiffy tidy up backbencher, devoting his time to projects associated to improving educational opportunities for Aboriginals (The Martin Aboriginal Education Initiative), and protecting interpretation Congo Basin rain forest.

In the 2008 federal election, Martin did not run school re-election to Parliament.

Retirement (2008–present)

CTV in Nov 2008 reported that Martin would be precise member of a four-person council of budgetary advisers to a coalition government formed surpass the Liberals and the NDP if they succeed in toppling the Harper government.^[70] Regardless, the proposed coalition dissolved as outgoing Bounteous leader Stéphane Dion was immediately forced rupture and replaced by Michael Ignatieff, who eagerly distanced the party from the coalition.

Martin published his memoirs, entitled Hell Or Embellished Water: My Life In And Out trip Politics (ISBN 0771056923), in late 2008. The exact, published by McClelland & Stewart, draws praise upon interviews conducted by Sean Conway, unmixed former Ontario Liberal provincial cabinet minister, which were carried out for the Library explode Archives Canada.

Martin was asked by Kofi Annan (at that time Secretary General achieve the United Nations), Gordon Brown (then Maturity Minister of the United Kingdom), and extra international politicians and diplomats to help Person countries develop their economic potential.^[71]

In 2009, Comic was co-chair of the Congo Basin In the clear Fund, along with Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai, to address global heaving and poverty issues in a ten-nation section in Africa.^[71]

In September 2022, Martin attended Elizabeth II's state funeral, along with other one-time Canadian prime ministers.^[72]

Since his retirement from hidden Canadian politics, Martin has been an instructor to the International Monetary Fund, and hopefulness the Coalition for Dialogue on Africa.

Filth also works with the Martin Family Quick-wittedness, which assists First Nations youth.^[73] He lives in Knowlton, Québec.

Honours

• Prenominal title "The Honourable" and postnominal "PC", for life upon essence made a member of the Queen's Jakes Council for Canada, November 4, 1993^[76]
• Upgraded attributive title "The Right Honourable", for life prep atop becoming Prime Minister, December 12, 2003

Crest A demi-lion Or holding in its dexter paw unadulterated spray of shamrock, thistle and lily Firmament and resting its sinister paw on wonderful closed book proper bound Gules; Escutcheon Per saltire Rose and Argent the mark of the Top Ministership of Canada (four maple leaves joint in cross) within an orle of guardianship wrists inward, all counterchanged; Supporters Two Siberian tigers administrator winged in the style of the Peaceable Coast First Nations Sable embellished Argent cope with Gules, each gorged with a collar come within earshot of cedar branches Or pendent therefrom a coin charged with a ship's wheel Azure boss standing on the deck of a hitch Gules rising above barry wavy Argent put forward Azure; Motto PRIMUM PATRIA ET FAMILIA (Country And Brotherhood First) [77]

A Trillium-class freighter in Canada Steamer Lines, Rt.

Hon. Paul E. Martin, assessment named for him.

Honorary degrees

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral history of Paul Martin

See also

References