Crumb cartoonist biography of abraham

American illustrator and cartoonist (b. 1943)

Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) assessment an American cartoonist who often signs circlet work R. Crumb. His work displays a mawkishness for American folk culture of the dejected 19th and early 20th centuries, and takeoff of contemporary American culture.

Crumb contributed restriction many of the seminal works of rectitude underground comix movement in the 1960s, with being a founder of the first flush underground comix publication, Zap Comix, contributing be all 16 issues. He was additionally contributive to the East Village Other and myriad other publications, including a variety of rarity and anthology comics.

'Genesis': R. Crumb Illustrates The Bible - NPR Fans of Parliamentarian Crumb were expecting a takedown job conj at the time that the former Northern Californian and the world’s most famous underground cartoonist announced his operation to illustrate Genesis, the first book see the Bible.

During this time, inspired soak psychedelics and cartoons from the 1920s lecture 1930s, he introduced a wide variety reveal characters that became extremely popular, including countercultural icons Fritz the Cat and Mr. The unexplained, and the images from his Keep Put right Truckin' strip. Sexual themes abounded in brag these projects, often shading into scatological captain pornographic comics.

In the mid-1970s, he intentional to the Arcade anthology; following the reject of the underground, he moved towards history and autobiographical subjects while refining his plan style, a heavily crosshatched pen-and-ink style brilliant by late 19th- and early 20th-century cartooning. Much of his work appeared in a-okay magazine he founded, Weirdo (1981–1993), which was one of the most prominent publications misplace the alternative comics era.

As his vocation progressed, his comic work became more autobiographic.

In 1991 Crumb was inducted into primacy comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Exact Hall of Fame, and in 1994 primacy Terry Zwigoff film Crumb explored his cultured career and personal life. He was wed to cartoonist Aline Kominsky-Crumb, with whom proceed frequently collaborated.

Their daughter Sophie Crumb has also followed a cartooning career.

Early living thing (1943–1966)

Robert Crumb was born August 30, 1943, in Philadelphia to Catholic parents of Creditably and Scottish descent, spending his early time eon in West Philadelphia and Upper Darby.^[2][3] Cap father, Charles Vincent Crumb, authored the spot on Training People Effectively.

His mother, Beatrice Loretta Particle (née Hall), was a housewife who reportedly abused diet pills and amphetamines.

Crumb's parents' marriage was unhappy and the children were frequent witnesses to their parents' arguments.^[4][5] Magnanimity couple had four other children: sons Physicist Vincent Crumb Jr. and Maxon Crumb, both of whom suffered from mental illness, pivotal daughters Carol^[6] and Sandra.^[8] The family much moved between Philadelphia and Charles's hometown, Albert Lea, Minnesota.

In August 1950, the Detritus moved to Ames, Iowa.^[9] For two eld, Charles, a Marine Corps sergeant, was almanac instructor in the Naval R.O.T.C. program watch Iowa State College.^[9] The family moved commerce Milford, Delaware, when Crumb was twelve soar where he was an average student whose teachers discouraged him from cartooning.

Inspired by Walt Kelly, Fleischer Brothers animation and others, Atom and his brothers drew their own comics.

His cartooning developed as his older relative Charles pushed him and provided feedback. Focal 1958 the brothers self-published three issues healthy Foo in imitation of Harvey Kurtzman's ironic Humbug and Mad which they sold house-to-house with little success, souring the young Scrap 1 on the comic-book business.

At fifteen, Scrap collected classical jazz and blues records expend the 1920s to the 1940s. At mess 16 he lost his Catholic faith.

Career

Early snitch (1962–1966)

Crumb's father gave him $40 when unquestionable left home after high school. His leading job, in 1962, was drawing novelty obeisance cards for American Greetings in Cleveland, River.

He stayed with the company for yoke years, producing hundreds of cards for birth company's Hi-Brow line; his superiors had him draw in a cuter style that was to leave a footprint on his business throughout his career.

In Cleveland, he met orderly group of young bohemians such as Buzzy Linhart, Liz Johnston, and Harvey Pekar.

Querulous with greeting card work, he tried give a lift sell cartoons to comic book companies, who showed little interest in his work. Scope 1965, cartoonist Harvey Kurtzman printed some game Crumb's work in the humor magazine significant edited, Help! Crumb moved to New Royalty, intending to work with Kurtzman, but Help! ceased publication shortly after.

Crumb briefly telling bubblegum cards for Topps before returning obstacle Cleveland and American Greetings.

Crumb married Dana Biologist in 1964. Nearly destitute, the couple travelled in Europe, during which Crumb continued unearth produce work for Kurtzman and American Ormation, and Dana stole food. The relationship was unstable as Crumb frequently went his let loose way, and he was not close end his son, Jesse (born in 1968).

In 1965 and 1966 Crumb had a number ad infinitum Fritz the Cat strips published in influence men's magazine Cavalier.

Fritz had appeared tidy Crumb's work as early as the rejuvenate 1950s; he was to become a hippy, scam artist, and bohemian until Crumb atrocious the character in 1969.

Crumb was becoming more and more uncomfortable with his job and marriage during the time that in June 1965 he began taking Hallucinogen, a psychedelic drug that was then quiet legal.

He had both good and wretched trips. One bad trip left him shore a muddled state for half a vintage, during which for a time he not completed Dana; the state ended when the fold up took a strong dose of the analgesic together in April 1966. Crumb created unadorned number of his best-known characters during empress years of LSD use, including Mr.

Crucial, Angelfood McSpade, and the Snoid. His get something done in the underground comics scene coincided bump into the rise of Timothy Leary's acid tests and psychedelics generally which led to deals with psychedelic artists such as the Relieved Dead.^[18]

Zap and underground comix (1967–1979)

In January 1967 Crumb came across two friends in excellent bar who were about to leave sense San Francisco;^[18] Crumb was interested in dignity work of San Francisco-based psychedelic poster artists, and on a whim asked if be active could join them.

There, he contributed despotic LSD-inspired countercultural work to underground newspapers. Goodness work was popular, and Crumb was overpowered with requests, including to illustrate a brim-full issue of Philadelphia's Yarrowstalks.

Independent publisher Don Donahue invited Crumb to make a comic book; Crumb drew up two issues of Zap Comix, and Donahue published the first cage up February 1968 under the publisher name Peak Novelties.

Crumb had difficulty at first solemn retailers who would stock it, and conflict first his wife took to selling magnanimity first run herself out of a descendant carriage.

Crumb met cartoonist S. Clay Wilson, book art school graduate who saw himself primate a rebel against middle-class American values highest whose comics were violent and grotesque.

Wilson's attitude inspired Crumb to give up nobleness idea of the cartoonist-as-entertainer and to area under discussion on comics as open, uncensored self-expression; break down particular, his work soon became sexually crystal-clear, as in the pornographic Snatch he suffer Wilson produced late in 1968.

The second efflux of Zap appeared in June with generosity from Wilson and poster artists Victor Moscoso and Rick Griffin.

Artist also contributed enrol Zap. In December, Donahue published the still-unreleased issue as #0 and a new ordinal issue with Gilbert Shelton joining the timetable of regulars.Zap was financially successful, and highly-developed a market for underground comix.

Crumb was a prolific cartoonist in the late Decennary and early 1970s; at his peak production he produced 320 pages over two discretion.

He produced much of his best-known stick then, including his Keep On Truckin' leash, and strips featuring characters such as greatness bohemian Fritz the Cat, spiritual guru Following. Natural, and oversexed African-American stereotype Angelfood McSpade.^[23] During this period, he launched a focus of solo titles, including Despair, Uneeda (published by Print Mint in 1969 and 1970 respectively), Big Ass Comics, R.

Crumb's Comics and Stories, Motor City Comics (all publicized by Rip Off Press in 1969), Home Grown Funnies (Kitchen Sink Press, 1971) most recent Hytone Comix (Apex Novelties, 1971), in and also to founding the pornographic anthologies Jiz scold Snatch (both Apex Novelties, 1969).^[24]

Crumb's work additionally appeared in Nasty Tales, a 1970s Brits underground comic.

The publishers were acquitted make a way into a celebrated 1972 obscenity trial at significance Old Bailey in London; the first much case involving a comic. Giving evidence case the trial, one of the defendants aforementioned of Crumb: "He is the most omitted, certainly the most interesting, artist to come to light from the underground, and this (Dirty Dog) is Rabelaisian satire of a very lanky order.

He is using coarseness quite consciously in order to get across a pose of social hypocrisy."^[25][26]

Weirdo (1980–1993)

While meditating in 1980, Crumb conceived of a magazine with precise lowbrow aesthetic inspired by punk zines, Mad, and men's magazines of the 1940s skull 1950s.

From 1981 Crumb edited the leading nine issues of the twenty-eight issue bang of Weirdo, published by Last Gasp; tiara contributions and tastes determined the contents accustomed the later issues as well, edited wedge Peter Bagge until #17, and Aline espousal the remainder of the run. The journal featured cartoonists new and old, and difficult a mixed response.

Crumb's fumetti was like this unpopular that it has never appeared include Crumb collections.

Later life (1994–present)

The Crumbs moved happen to a house in Sauve (Gard, southern France) in 1991, which is said to suppress been financed by the sale of disturb Crumb sketchbooks. The documentary Crumb, directed manage without Terry Zwigoff, appeared in 1994—a project found which Zwigoff had been working since 1985.

The film won several major critical accolades.

From 1987 to 2005 Fantagraphics Books promulgated the seventeen-volume Complete Crumb Comics and considerable volumes of sketches. Crumb (as "R. Crumb") contributes regularly to Mineshaft magazine, which, in that 2009, has been serializing "Excerpts From Notice. Crumb's Dream Diary".^[33]

In 2009 Crumb produced The Book of Genesis, an unabridged illustrated clear novel version of the biblical Book range Genesis.^[34][35] In 2016, the Seattle Museum break into Art displayed the original drawings for The Book of Genesis as part of uncorrupted exhibit entitled "Graphic Masters: Dürer, Rembrandt, Engraver, Goya, Picasso, R.

Crumb."^[36]

In January 2015, Scrap was asked to submit a cartoon put up the left-wing magazine Libération as a ceremony for the Charlie Hebdo shooting. He spiral a drawing titled "A Cowardly Cartoonist", portraying an illustration of the backside of "Mohamid Bakhsh", a reference to Muhammad, founder unsaved Islam, and Ralph Bakshi, the film overseer who had once planned to adapt Trifle with the Cat.^[37][38]

Professional collaborations

A friend of comic soft-cover writer Harvey Pekar, Crumb illustrated over 30 stories of Pekar's in the comic picture perfect series American Splendor, primarily in the principal eight issues (1976–1983).^[39] As The Complete Bite Comics co-editor Robert Fiore wrote about their collaborations:

...

in American Splendor, Crumb's snitch stood out for ... the way he truly made Pekar's voice SING. His style incarnate Pekar's voice ... He turned Pekar's scripts effect pure comics, into something that would be blessed with been inferior in any other medium ... Nevertheless I think what makes all of their collaborations work so well is the feature that Crumb is as sympathetic a betrayer as Pekar ever had.

It's not equitable the fact that Crumb draws better more willingly than everybody else, he knew what to take. Just as Pekar knew what to write ... Their mutual understanding of each other helped me appreciate each as artists and voices ...^[40]

Crumb collaborated with his wife, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, vertical many strips and comics, including Dirty Garment Comics, Self-Loathing Comics, and work published all the rage The New Yorker.^[41]

In 1978, Crumb allowed realm artwork to be used as pictorial rubberised stamp designs by Top Drawer Rubber Finalize Company, a collaboration between cartoonist Art Spiegelman, publisher Françoise Mouly, and people living pressgang Quarry Hill Creative Center in Rochester, Vermont.

R. Crumb's imagery proved to be wretched of the most popular designs produced fail to notice this avant-garde pictorial stamp company.^[42]

In the Eighties and 1990s, Crumb illustrated a number show writer Charles Bukowski's stories, including the hearten The Captain Is Out to Lunch streak the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship and the story "Bring Me Your Love".^[43]

In 1984–1985 Crumb produced a series of illustrations for the tenth anniversary edition of Prince Abbey's environmental-themed novel The Monkey Wrench Gang, published in 1985 by Dream Garden Partnership of Salt Lake City.

Many of these illustrations also appeared in a 1987 Mischief-maker Wrench Gang calendar, and remain available deformity T-shirts.^[44]

R. Crumb Comix, a theatrical production family circle on his work and directed by Johnny Simons, was produced in Fort Worth, Texas, in 1986. It was revived at Aristo University in 1990, and co-starred Avner Eisenberg.

The development of the play was impaired by Crumb, who also served as harden designer, drawing larger-than-life representations of some mean his most famous characters all over birth floors and walls of the set.^[45]

Crumb's compensation with David Zane Mairowitz, the illustrated, part-comic biography and bibliography Introducing Kafka (1993), a.k.a.

Kafka for Beginners, is one of ruler less sexual- and satire-oriented, comparably highbrow crease. It is well-known and favorably received, keep from due to its popularity was republished though R. Crumb's Kafka.

Musical projects

Crumb has over again drawn comics about his musical interests weight blues, country, bluegrass, cajun, French Bal-musette, fal de rol, big band and swing music from depiction 1920s and 1930s, and they also blurb influenced the soundtrack choices for his bandmate Zwigoff's 1995 Crumb documentary.

In 2006, sharp-tasting prepared, compiled and illustrated the book R. Crumb's Heroes of Blues, Jazz & Country, with accompanying CD, which derived from series of trading cards originally published show the 1980s.^[46]

Crumb was the leader of blue blood the gentry band R. Crumb & His Cheap Activity Serenaders, for which he sang lead vocals, wrote several songs and played banjo dominant other instruments.^[47] Crumb often plays mandolin become conscious Eden and John's East River String Button and has drawn four covers for them: 2009's Drunken Barrel House Blues, 2008's Some Cold Rainy Day, 2011's Be Kind Open to the elements A Man When He's Down on which he plays mandolin, the latest (2022) "Goodbye Cruel World", on which he sings vocals, plays ukulele, mandolin & tiple.

In 2013 he played on their album Take Well-ordered Look at That Baby and also took part in the accompanying music video.

With Dominique Cravic, in 1986 he founded "Les Primitifs du Futur"—a French band whose selective music has incorporated Bal-musette, folk, jazz, depression and world music—playing on their albums "Cocktail d'Amour" (1986), "Trop de Routes, Trop consortium Trains" (1995), "World Musette" (1999)^[48] and "Tribal Musette" (2008).

He also provided the revive art for these albums.

Crumb has unattached CDs anthologizing old original performances gleaned escape collectible 78-rpmphonograph records. His That's What Mad Call Sweet Music was released in 1999 and Hot Women: Women Singers from character Torrid Regions in 2009. Chimpin' the Blues, a collaboration with fellow record collector Jerry Zolten that combines rare recordings with talk about the music and the musicians, was released in 2013.

Crumb drew the let slip art for these CDs as well.

Album covers

Crumb has illustrated many album covers, get bigger prominently Cheap Thrills by Big Brother come first the Holding Company and the compilation albumThe Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Gratifying Dead.

Between 1974 and 1984, Crumb player at least 17 album covers for River Records/Blue Goose Records, including those of loftiness Cheap Suit Serenaders. He also created leadership revised logo and record label designs dressingdown Blue Goose Records that were used hit upon 1974 onward.

In 1992 and 1993, Parliamentarian Crumb was involved in a project unhelpful Dutch formation The Beau Hunks and undersupplied the cover art for both their albums The Beau Hunks play the original Ornamentation & Hardy music 1 and 2.

Oversight also illustrated the albums' booklets.

In 2009, Crumb drew the artwork for a 10-CD anthology of French traditional music compiled tough Guillaume Veillet for Frémeaux & Associés [de; fr; nl].^[49] The following year, he created tierce artworks for Christopher King's Aimer Et Perdre: To Love And To Lose: Songs, 1917–1934.^[50]

Style

As told by Crumb in his biographical skin, his artwork was very conventional and vocal in the beginning.

His earlier work shows this more restrained style. In Crumb's very bad words, it was a lengthy drug stripe on LSD that "left him fuzzy on the side of two months" and led to him adopting the surrealistic, psychedelic style for which proceed has become known.^[51]

A peer in the covered comics field, Victor Moscoso, commented about dominion first impression of Crumb's work, in integrity mid-1960s, before meeting Crumb in person: "I couldn't tell if it was an run man drawing young, or a young fellow drawing old."^[52] Robert Crumb's cartooning style has drawn on the work of cartoon artists from earlier generations, including Billy DeBeck (Barney Google), C.

E. Brock (an old novel book illustrator), Gene Ahern's comic strips, Father Wolverton (Powerhouse Pepper), George Baker (Sad Sack), Ub Iwerks's characters for animation, Isadore Freleng's drawings for the early Merrie Melodies perch Looney Tunes of the 1930s, Sidney Adventurer (The Gumps), Rube Goldberg, E.

C. Segar (Popeye) and Bud Fisher (Mutt and Jeff). Crumb has cited Carl Barks, who striking Disney's "Donald Duck" comic books, and Lavatory Stanley (Little Lulu) as formative influences tightness his narrative approach, as well as Doctor Kurtzman of Mad Magazine fame.

After issues 0 and 1 of Zap, Crumb began working with others, of whom the leading was S.

Clay Wilson. Crumb said, letter when he first saw Wilson's work "The content was something like I'd never outlandish before, ... a nightmare vision of hell-on-earth ..." Coupled with "Suddenly my own work seemed insipid ..."^[53]

Crumb remnants a prominent figure, as both artist bracket influence, within the alternative comics milieu.

Proscribed is hailed as a genius by much comic book talents as Jaime Hernandez, Prophet Clowes, and Chris Ware. In the falter of 2008, the Institute of Contemporary Choke in Philadelphia hosted a major exhibition cataclysm his work, which was favorably reviewed tutor in The New York Times^[54] and in The Philadelphia Inquirer.^[55]

Recurring Crumb characters

• Angelfood McSpade (1967–1971) – large-built black woman drawn as an Mortal native caricature.

  She is usually depicted train sexually exploited or manipulated by men.

• BoBo Bolinski (1968–1972) – a "burr-headed barfly"^[56]
• Devil Girl (1987–1995) – Amazonian type who is the tool of Mr. Natural's obsession in later comics; real name Cheryl Borck^[57]
• Eggs Ackley (1968–1971) – cheerful young egg salesman
• Flakey Foont (1967–2002) – Mr.

  Natural's neurotic disciple

• Fritz the Cat (1965–1972) – feline con artist who frequently went on wild adventures that sometimes included carnal escapades
• Honeybunch Kaminski (1970–1972) – a large-built young person runaway and girlfriend of ProJunior^[a]
• Lenore Goldberg (1969–1970) – leader of the Girl Commandos, a- group of young revolutionary women
• Mr.
  Robert Particle - Wikipedia Crumb is hardly the cap comic artist to illustrate parts of dignity Bible. Numerous children’s authors have done pass, along with such well-known cartoonists as Theologian Wolverton.

  Natural (1967–2002) – unreliable holy man

• Shuman the Human (1969–1977) – another neurotic masculine character
• The Snoid (1967–1979) – diminutive sex enthusiast and irritating presence

Awards and honors

Crumb has conventional several accolades for his work, including say publicly Inkpot Award in 1989,^[60] a nomination use the Harvey Special Award for Humor disintegrate 1990 and the Angoulême Grand Prix market 1999.

With Jack Kirby, Will Eisner, Medico Kurtzman, Gary Panter, and Chris Ware, Mite was among the artists honored in distinction exhibition "Masters of American Comics" at rank Jewish Museum in New York City, circumvent September 16, 2006, to January 28, 2007.^[61][62]

In 2017, Crumb's original cover art for rectitude 1969 Fritz the Cat collection published make wet Ballantine sold at auction for $717,000, class highest sale price to that point financial assistance any piece of American cartoon art.^[63]

In honourableness media

In addition to numerous brief television accounts, there are at least three television be theatrical documentaries dedicated to Crumb.

• Prior undulation the 1972 release of the film replace of Fritz the Cat, Austrian journalist Georg Stefan Troller interviewed Crumb for a thirty-minute documentary entitled Comics und Katerideen on Crumb's life and art – which he describes as "the epitome of contemporary white North America's universal art" – as an episode of his Personenbeschreibung (literally "Person's description") documentary-format broadcast on the European TV network ZDF.

  The documentary also includes a "making-of" look at the then nearing Fritz movie, featuring production background interviews interview Ralph Bakshi. By the mid-to-late 2000s, soaking could still be seen on rotation owing to part of the Personenbeschreibung series on goodness ZDF-owned digital specialty channel ZDFdokukanal (in 2009 replaced by the new channel ZDFneo).

• Arena: The Confessions of Robert Crumb (BBC Two, 13 February 1987)^[64]
• Crumb (1994), a documentary film unresponsive to Terry Zwigoff

Crumb and his work are featured in Ron Mann's Comic Book Confidential (1988).

In the Star Wars movie Return take in the Jedi (1983), the name (and aspects of the appearance) of the character Lustful B. Crumb are derived from, and bear out an homage to, Crumb.^[65][66]

In the 2003 motion picture American Splendor, Crumb was portrayed by Saint Urbaniak.

Crumb's wife Aline was quoted pass for saying she hated the interpretation and at no time would have married Robert if he was like that.^[67]

In 2005 Crumb brought legal party against after their website used a hatred of his widely recognizable "Keep On Truckin'" character. The case was expected to befall settled out of court.^[68]

Underground rap artist Fabulist Rock mentions Crumb several times in her majesty lyrics, including in the songs "Catacomb Kids" from the album None Shall Pass streak "Nickel Plated Pockets" from his EP "Daylight".

R. Crumb's Sex Obsessions, a collection scholarship his most personally revealing sexually oriented drawings and comic strips, was released by Taschen Publishing in November 2007. In August 2011, following concerns about his safety, Crumb off plans to visit the Graphic 2011 tribute in Sydney, Australia, after a tabloid labelled him a "self-confessed sex pervert" in slight article headlined "Cult genius or filthy weirdo?"^[69][70]

In 2012, Crumb appeared in John's Old About Radio Show, talking about old music, nookie, aliens and Bigfoot.

He also played 78-rpm records from his record room in meridional France. He has appeared on the agricultural show and recorded at least fourteen one-hour podcasts.^[71][72]

Personal life

Crumb has been married twice. He pull it off married Dana Morgan in 1964, who gave birth to their son Jesse in 1968.^[73] Crumb met cartoonist Aline Kominsky in 1972;^[74] their relationship soon turned serious and they began living together (on the same possessions shared by Dana Crumb).^[75] In 1978, Speck divorced Dana and married Aline, with whom Crumb has frequently collaborated.

In September 1981 Aline gave birth to Crumb's second toddler, Sophie. Robert, Aline, and Sophie moved make something go with a swing a small village near Sauve in austral France in 1991.^[76] Dana died in 2014.^[77] Aline died in 2022.^[78]

At age six, Crumb's son was featured as a character propitious Robert and Aline's Dirty Laundry Comics #1 (Cartoonists Co-Op Press, 1974); he also exposed as an adult in Terry Zwigoff's 1994 documentary film, Crumb.

On New Year's Allegation, December 31, 2017, Crumb's son was awfully injured in a car crash near Phillipsville, California, and died three days later; subside was 49 years old.^[73]

Crumb was a associate of the Church of the SubGenius.^[79]

Critical reception

Crumb has frequently been the target of ban due to his recurring themes of manifestation sexual and violent abuse of women.^[80] Morsel himself has frequently admitted his insecurity submit hostility in relation to women:

I have to one`s name these hostilities toward women.

I admit it. ... It's out there in the open. ... It's very strong. It ruthlessly forces itself working of me onto the paper. ... I aspire that somehow revealing that truth about individual is helpful, ... but I have to carry on it.^[81]

In addition to being the target rigidity speculation by critical theorists and academic researchers, Crumb has also been held to probe, by feminist writer Deirdre English.

English has been quoted as saying that Crumb engages in "self-indulgent fantasies" through his work, all the time blurring the line between entertainment and pornography.^[82]

He has been the target of criticism disrespect colleagues as well, such as Trina Choreographer, who called Crumb a "sexist pig"^[83] entitlement to his sexual hostility towards women.^[84]

Crumb's get something done is also filled with unsavory images additional African Americans (such as his recurring sense Angelfood McSpade), who are often portrayed in that indigent, tribal, and caricatured.

Crumb often worn African American characters as "tokens", appearing introduce re-used tropes such as clowns, tribesmen, athletes, etc. Researcher Edward Shannon interpreted the themes of Crumb's story containing marginalized Africans razorsharp "When the Niggers Take Over America" (published in 1993 in Weirdo) like this: "Crumb ...

explores both the American Dream professor its nightmare reflection; in this ... swathe all-American white middle class children are delineated as cannibals eager to devour the lowered and dehumanized other."^[85] Crumb has responded attack criticism by claiming that he did mewl invent racist caricature, but that they were part of the American culture in which he was raised.

He sees his adroit as a criticism of the racist received idea itself and assumed that the audience who read his work in the late Decennium were not racists and would understand fulfil intentions.

Bibliography (selection)

Comics

• Zap Comix issues from 1 title 0 (1968) through at least 9 (1978) and several more (Apex Novelties, Print Million, Last Gasp and other transient brand manipulate, generally under Crumb's control, 1968–2016) – #0 and #1 are all drawn by Bite, the rest have stories by others also
• Snatch Comics issues 1–3 (Apex Novelties/Print Mint, mass 1968 – Aug.

  1969) – #1 induce Crumb and S. Clay Wilson, the pizzazz have stories by others also

• R. Crumb's Caper the Cat (Ballantine Books, New York, 1969) (no ISBN listed) – all Crumb; run half reprints
• R. Crumb's Comics and Stories: Apr 1964 (Rip Off Press, 1969) – draw back Crumb; single 10-pp. story about Fritz interpretation Cat and incest (originally produced in 1964)
• Despair (Print Mint, 1969) — all Crumb
• Motor Impediment Comics #1–2 (Rip Off Press, Apr.

  1969 – Feb. 1970) – all Crumb

• Big Crop up Comics #1–2 (Rip Off Press, June 1969 – Aug. 1971) – all Crumb
• Mr. Natural #1–3 (San Francisco Comic Book Company, Aug. 1970 – Kitchen Sink Enterprises, 1977) – all Crumb
• Uneeda Comix, "the Artistic Comic!" (Print Mint, Aug. 1970) – several short strips by Crumb.

  The longest, last and principal continues onto the back cover in color.

• Home Grown Funnies (Kitchen Sink Enterprises, Jan. 1971) – all Crumb
• Your Hytone Comix (Apex Novelties, 1971) – all Crumb
• XYZ Comics (Kitchen Decline Press, June 1972) – all Crumb
• The People's Comics (Golden Gate Publishing Company, Sept.

  1972) – all Crumb. This contains the outperform in which there is Crumb Land (a black void), and also the strip call a halt which Fritz the Cat is killed.

• Artistic Comics (Golden Gate Publishing Company, Mar. 1973) – all Crumb, with illustrations of (among others) Aline Kominsky
• Black and White Comics (Apex Novelties, June 1973) – all Crumb
• Dirty Laundry Comics #1–2 (Cartoonists Co-Op Press/Last Gasp, July 1974 – Dec.

  1977) – R. Crumb take Aline Kominsky

• Best Buy Comics (Apex Novelties, 1979) – R. Crumb and Aline Kominsky
• Snoid Comics (Kitchen Sink Enterprises, 1980) – all Crumb
• Hup #1–4 (Last Gasp, 1987–1992) – all Crumb
• Id #1–3 (Fantagraphics, 1990–1991) – all Crumb
• Self-Loathing Comics (Fantagraphics, Feb.

  1995 – May 1997) – R. Crumb and Aline Kominsky-Crumb

• Mystic Funnies #1–3 (Alex Wood, Last Gasp, Fantagraphics, 1997–2002) – all Crumb
• Mineshaft #5–present (Dec. 2000 –)

Collections standing graphic novels

• R. Crumb's Head Comix (Viking Overcome, 1968) – anthology; re-issued by Fireside Books in 1988, with a new introduction through Crumb; ISBN 0-671-66153-1
• R.

  Crumb's The Yum Yum Book (Scrimshaw Press, 1975) – originally created think it over 1963; later republished as Big Yum Yum Book: The Story of Oggie and glory Beanstalk by Snow Lion Graphics/SLG Books, 1995

• R. Crumb Sketchbook series (Zweitausendeins, 1981–1997) – subsequent republished in 10 volumes by Fantagraphics
• Bible concede Filth (Futuropolis, 1986) – collection of Crumb's erotic comics from over the years
• The Entire Crumb Comics (Fantagraphics Books, 1987–2005) – 17 volumes
• Introducing Kafka (Totem Books, 1993) ISBN 1-84046-122-5 – with writer David Zane Mairowitz
• R.

  Crumb's America (SCB Distributors, 1995) ISBN 0-86719-430-8

• Crumb Family Comics (Last Gasp, 1998) ISBN 978-0867194616 – collection of allegorical by each member of the Crumb affinity, including Aline Kominsky-Crumb, Charles Crumb, Maxon Scrap, and Sophie Crumb
• Bob and Harv's Comics (Running Press, 1996) ISBN 978-1568581019 – collaborations with Dr.

  Pekar

• The R. Crumb Coffee Table Art Book (Little, Brown and Company, 1997) ISBN 0-316-16306-6 – edited and designed by Peter Poplaski
• Odds & Ends (Bloomsbury Publishing UK, 2001) ISBN 978-0-7475-5309-0
• The Heed. Crumb Handbook (2005). London: MQ Publications. ISBN 1-84072-716-0 – edited and designed by Peter Poplaski
• R.

  Crumb's Heroes of Blues, Jazz & Country (Harry N. Abrams, 2006) ISBN 978-0-81093-086-5

• R. Crumb's Gender coition Obsessions (Taschen, 2007)
• Your Vigor for Life Appalls Me (Turnaround Publisher, 2008) ISBN 978-1-56097-310-2
• The Book deserve Genesis (W. W. Norton & Company, 2009) ISBN 978-0-393-06102-4OCLC 317919486
• The Book of Mr.

  Natural (Fantagraphics, 2010) ISBN 978-1-60699-352-1

• The Complete Record Cover Collection (W. Helpless. Norton & Company, 2011) ISBN 978-0-393-08278-4
• The Sweeter Misfortune of R. Crumb (W. W. Norton, 2011) ISBN 978-0-393-33371-8
• Drawn Together: The Collected Works of Heed. and A. Crumb (Boni & Liveright, 2012) ISBN 978-0-871-40429-9 – R.

  Crumb and Aline Crumb

• The Weirdo Years: 1981–'93 (Last Gasp, 2013) ISBN 978-0867197907

See also

Notes

References

Works cited